• 【肥胖男性的大剂量白藜芦醇补充剂: 一项由研究者发起的,随机,安慰剂对照的底物代谢,胰岛素敏感性和身体成分的临床试验。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.2337/db12-0975 复制DOI
    作者列表:Poulsen MM,Vestergaard PF,Clasen BF,Radko Y,Christensen LP,Stødkilde-Jørgensen H,Møller N,Jessen N,Pedersen SB,Jørgensen JO
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Based on animal and in vitro studies, resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), but data in human subjects are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high-dose resveratrol in obese human subjects. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group design, 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment. Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) were performed before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity, the primary outcome measure, deteriorated insignificantly in both groups. Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged. Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure; resting energy expenditure; oxidation rates of lipid; ectopic or visceral fat content; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders.
    背景与目标: : 肥胖、糖尿病、高血压和高脂血症是发病和过早死亡的危险因素。基于动物和体外研究,白藜芦醇通过刺激沉默交配型信息调节2同源物1 (SIRT1) 来恢复这些危险因素,但人类受试者的数据很少。这项研究的目的是检查高剂量白藜芦醇在肥胖人类受试者中的代谢作用。在随机,安慰剂对照,双盲和平行组设计中,将24名肥胖但健康的男性随机分配到4周的白藜芦醇或安慰剂治疗中。在治疗前后进行了广泛的代谢检查,包括评估葡萄糖周转和胰岛素敏感性 (高胰岛素性正常血糖钳夹)。主要结局指标胰岛素敏感性在两组中均无明显恶化。内源性葡萄糖的产生以及葡萄糖的周转率和氧化速率保持不变。补充白藜芦醇对血压也没有影响; 静息能量消耗; 脂质的氧化率; 异位或内脏脂肪含量; 或炎症和代谢生物标志物。缺乏效果与从啮齿动物模型获得的有说服力的数据不一致,并且引起了人们对白藜芦醇作为代谢紊乱人体营养补充剂的合理性的怀疑。
  • 【[CPPD-沉积物 -- 老年男性齿状突后空间的重要鉴别诊断疾病]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    影响因子 :
    发表时间:2007-08-01
    来源期刊:Rofo
    DOI:10.1055/s-2007-963184 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schreiter NF,Pflugmacher R,Schröder R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: -2
    背景与目标: -2
  • 【体重指数对中年男性和绝经后女性载脂蛋白A-I动力学的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.022 复制DOI
    作者列表:Welty FK,Lichtenstein AH,Lamon-Fava S,Schaefer EJ,Marsh JB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The effect of body mass index (BMI) and obesity on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels and kinetics was examined by gender. Apo A-I kinetics were determined with a primed, constant infusion of deuterated leucine in the fed state in 19 men and 13 postmenopausal women. Compared with nonobese men, nonobese women had a higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apo A-I due to a 48% higher apo A-I production rate (PR) (P = .05). Obesity had no significant effects on apo A-I kinetics in women. In contrast, compared with nonobese men, obese men had a 9% lower apo A-I level due to a 64% higher fractional catabolic rate (FCR) partially offset by a 47% higher PR. Obese women had a 52% higher HDL-C than obese men (50 vs 33 mg/dL, respectively; P = .012), a finding related to the faster apo A-I FCR in obese men. BMI was directly correlated with apo A-I FCR (r = 0.84, P < .001) and PR (r = 0.79, P < .001) in men but not in women. Sixty-two percent of the variability in PR and 71% of the variability in FCR were due to BMI in men and only 3% and 23%, respectively, in women. In conclusion, BMI has a significant effect on apo A-I PR and FCR in men but not in women.
    背景与目标: : 通过性别检查了体重指数 (BMI) 和肥胖对载脂蛋白 (apo) A-I水平和动力学的影响。在19名男性和13名绝经后女性中,通过在进食状态下持续不断地输注氘代亮氨酸来确定Apo A-I动力学。与非肥胖男性相比,非肥胖女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (hdl-c) 和apo a-I水平较高,原因是apo A-I的生产率 (PR) 48% 较高 (P = .05)。肥胖对女性的apo A-I动力学没有显着影响。相反,与非肥胖男性相比,肥胖男性的apo a-I水平9% 较低,这是由于64% 较高的分解代谢率 (FCR) 部分被47% 较高的PR抵消。肥胖女性的hdl-c比肥胖男性高52% (分别为50 vs 33 mg/dL; P = .012),这一发现与肥胖男性的apo a-I FCR更快有关。BMI与男性的apo A-I FCR (r = 0.84,P <.001) 和PR (r = 0.79,P <.001) 直接相关,而女性则不相关。PR变异性的60 2% 和FCR变异性的71% 是由于男性的BMI,而女性分别只有3% 和23%。总之,BMI对男性的apo a-I PR和FCR有显着影响,而女性则没有。
  • 【怀疑原发性不育的男性的 “肿胀测试” 与常规精液变量之间的线性和非线性关系。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137152 复制DOI
    作者列表:Colpi GM,Sagone P,Tognetti A,Campana A,Piffaretti-Yanez A,Balerna M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The relationship and degree of association between the percentage of sperm swelling (HOS-test) and conventional semen variables was investigated in 263 consecutive ejaculates. The semen samples were exclusively obtained from men suspected of primary infertility. It was found that the correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho) followed the order: percentage of progressive motility at 3 h greater than count/ml greater than percentage of total motility at 3 h greater than percentage of normal spermatozoa. Of the three morphology sub-classes considered (sperm head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities), only mid-piece abnormalities correlated with the outcome of the HOS-test (rho = -0.409). Linear relationships between HOS-test results and sperm motility and morphology, but not sperm count, were indicated by LOWESS-smoothing. However, a linear relationship between the HOS-test, sperm count and a 'functional index' combining the conventional semen variables could be demonstrated after normalization of the data. Our findings suggest that the HOS-test may be of value in assessing the functional integrity and viability of spermatozoa; however, its prognostic power for fertility is probably not different from that of conventional semen variables.
    背景与目标: : 在263连续射精中研究了精子肿胀百分比 (HOS检验) 与常规精液变量之间的关系和关联程度。精液样本仅来自怀疑原发性不育的男性。发现相关系数 (Spearman's rho) 遵循以下顺序: 3 h时的进行性运动百分比大于计数/ml大于3 h时的总运动百分比大于正常精子的百分比。在考虑的三个形态亚类 (精子头部,中段和尾部异常) 中,只有中段异常与HOS测试的结果相关 (rho = -0.409)。低度平滑显示了HOS测试结果与精子活力和形态之间的线性关系,而不是精子数量之间的线性关系。但是,在数据归一化后,可以证明HOS测试,精子数量和结合常规精液变量的 “功能指标” 之间存在线性关系。我们的发现表明,HOS测试可能在评估精子的功能完整性和生存能力方面具有价值; 但是,其对生育能力的预后能力可能与常规精液变量没有什么不同。
  • 【补充GAKIC摄入对受训男性阻力训练表现的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/02701367.2013.784845 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wax B,Kavazis AN,Brown SP,Hilton L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Glycine-arginine-alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) is a relatively new supplement that athletes and fitness enthusiasts ingest to enhance performance during anaerobic exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential ergogenic effects of GAKIC ingestion during multiple bouts of resistance exercise. METHOD:Seven resistance-trained men participated in a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind study. Participants were randomly assigned to placebo or GAKIC (10.2 g) and performed 5 sets of 75% of 1-repetition maximum leg press to failure. Total load volume was calculated by multiplying the 75% of 1-repetition maximum mass lifted by the sum of repetitions to failure. One week later, participants ingested the other supplement (placebo or GAKIC) and the same exercise protocol was performed (i.e., crossover). Blood lactate, glucose, and heart rate were determined preexercise and immediately postexercise. RESULTS:GAKIC supplementation significantly increased leg-press total load volume (GAKIC = 31,564 +/- 9,132 kg; placebo = 25,763 +/- 6,595 kg, p < .05). Heart rate and blood lactate were significantly increased (p < .05) postexercise compared with preexercise but were not significantly different between GAKIC and placebo. No significant changes (p > .05) were detected for one-repetition maximum and blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS:These novel findings suggest that GAKIC increases total work performed during repeated bouts of lower-body resistance exercise. Thus, our data suggest that GAKIC ingestion before weight training may increase the training volume of athletes and resistance-trained individuals.
    背景与目标:
  • 【参加过性犯罪者治疗小组的智障男性: 后续行动。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/jar.12038 复制DOI
    作者列表:Heaton KM,Murphy GH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:There have been a number of studies of treatment for men with intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour but few follow-up studies. Our aim was to follow up men with intellectual disabilities who had attended group cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) for sexually abusive behaviour. METHOD:Thirty-four men (from seven treatment sites) were followed up. All had attended SOTSEC-ID groups. The mean length of follow-up, since the end of the treatment group, was 44 months (SD 28.7, range 15-106 months). RESULTS:The statistically significant improvements in sexual knowledge, empathy and cognitive distortions that occurred during treatment were maintained at follow-up. In all, 11 of the 34 (32%) men showed further sexually abusive behaviour, but only two of these men received convictions. Analyses of the variables associated with further sexually abusive behaviour indicated that a diagnosis of autism was associated with a higher likelihood of further sexually abusive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides some evidence of the longer-term effectiveness of group CBT for men with intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour.
    背景与目标:
  • 【[女性和男性的骨质疏松症-异同]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E,Lewiński A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Osteoporosis maintains a special position in today's medicine, regarding both its growing incidence and its clinical and social consequences--fractures, leading to the loss of self-dependence, disabilities and higher mortality rates. It was thought for many years that osteoporosis affected mainly women after menopause. At present, it is known that the problem concerns men, as well. In the present review, similarities and differences between osteoporosis in either sex are discussed, concentrating on epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects, as well as on therapeutic differences.
    背景与目标: : 骨质疏松症在当今医学中保持着特殊的地位,无论是其发病率的增长还是其临床和社会后果-骨折,导致丧失自我依赖性,残疾和更高的死亡率。多年来,人们一直认为骨质疏松症主要影响更年期后的妇女。目前,众所周知,这个问题也涉及男性。在本综述中,讨论了两种性别的骨质疏松症之间的异同,重点是流行病学和致病方面以及治疗上的差异。
  • 【胰岛素介导的肥胖2型糖尿病男性和糖耐量正常男性脂肪组织和骨骼肌脂肪分解的抑制。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00125-013-2995-9 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jocken JW,Goossens GH,Boon H,Mason RR,Essers Y,Havekes B,Watt MJ,van Loon LJ,Blaak EE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Impaired regulation of lipolysis and accumulation of lipid intermediates may contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) of obese men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and obese type 2 diabetic men. METHODS:Eleven NGT men and nine long-term diagnosed type 2 diabetic men (7 ± 1 years), matched for age (58 ± 2 vs 62 ± 2 years), BMI (31.4 ± 0.6 vs 30.5 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)) and [Formula: see text] (28.9 ± 1.5 vs 29.5 ± 2.4 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) participated in this study. Interstitial glycerol concentrations in AT and SM were assessed using microdialysis during a 1 h basal period and a 6 h stepwise hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (8, 20 and 40 mU m(-2) min(-1)). AT and SM biopsies were collected to investigate underlying mechanisms. RESULTS:Hyperinsulinaemia suppressed interstitial SM glycerol concentrations less in men with type 2 diabetes (-7 ± 6%, -13 ± 9% and -27 ± 9%) compared with men with NGT (-21 ± 7%, -38 ± 8% and -53 ± 8%) (p = 0.014). This was accompanied by increased circulating fatty acid and glycerol concentrations, a lower glucose infusion rate (21.8 ± 3.1 vs 30.5 ± 2.0 μmol kg body weight(-1) min(-1); p < 0.05), higher hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) serine 660 phosphorylation, increased saturated diacylglycerol (DAG) lipid species in the muscle membrane and increased protein kinase C (PKC) activation in type 2 diabetic men vs men with NGT. No significant differences in insulin-mediated reduction in AT interstitial glycerol were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:Our results suggest that a blunted insulin-mediated suppression of SM lipolysis may promote the accumulation of membrane saturated DAG, aggravating insulin resistance, at least partly mediated by PKC. This may represent an important mechanism involved in the progression of insulin resistance towards type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01680133.
    背景与目标:
  • 【日本局限性前列腺癌男性的健康相关生活质量: SF-8评估。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2008.02046.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sugimoto M,Takegami M,Suzukamo Y,Fukuhara S,Kakehi Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) using the Medical Outcomes Study 8-items Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) questionnaire in Japanese patients with early prostate cancer. METHODS:A cross-sectional analysis was done in 457 patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and watchful waiting or a combination these therapies. General HRQOL was measured using the Japanese version of the SF-8 questionnaire and disease-specific HRQOL was assessed using the Japanese version of the Extended Prostate Cancer Index Composite. RESULTS:The external beam radiotherapy group reported significantly lower values for the physical health component summary score (PCS) in comparison to the radical prostatectomy and brachytherapy groups (P < 0.05). In the analysis of both the PCS and the mental health component summary score (MCS) over time after treatment, higher scores with time were found in the radical prostatectomy group. No significant change over time after androgen deprivation therapy in the PCS was found. In contrast, the MCS was found to deteriorate in the early period, showing a significant increase over time. CONCLUSIONS:SF-8 in combination with the Extended Prostate Cancer Index Composite has shown to be a helpful tool in the HRQOL assessment of Japanese patients treated for localized prostate cancer.
    背景与目标:
  • 【睾酮对心力衰竭男性胰岛素敏感性的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.04.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Malkin CJ,Jones TH,Channer KS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Resistance to insulin occurs in chronic heart failure (CHF) and is related to prognosis. Studies of testosterone in non-(CHF) males suggest that physiological testosterone therapy improves insulin sensitivity. This was a single-blind placebo controlled crossover trial to determine the effect of testosterone replacement on insulin sensitivity in 13 men with moderate to severe CHF (ejection fraction 30.5+/-1.3). The primary outcome was the homeostatic model index (HOMA-IR) of fasting insulin sensitivity and secondary outcomes were body composition as measured by bioelectrical impedance and glucose tolerance to a standard 75 g oral glucose load. Analysis was performed on the delta values with the treatment effect of placebo compared with that of testosterone. At baseline HOMA-IR correlated with measures of body fat [% fat mass (rP=0.84, p=0.0001) and body mass index (rP=0.79, p=0.01)] but not with CHF severity. Testosterone reduced HOMA-IR (-1.9+/-0.8, p=0.03) indicating improved fasting insulin sensitivity. Testosterone also increased total mass (+1.5+/-0.5 kg, p=0.008) and decreased body fat (-0.8+/-0.3%, p=0.02). Testosterone improves fasting insulin sensitivity in men with CHF and may also increase lean body mass, these data suggest a favourable effect of testosterone on an important metabolic component of CHF.
    背景与目标: : 胰岛素抵抗发生在慢性心力衰竭 (CHF) 中,与预后有关。对非 (CHF) 男性睾丸激素的研究表明,生理性睾丸激素疗法可改善胰岛素敏感性。这是一项单盲安慰剂对照交叉试验,用于确定睾丸激素替代对13名中度至重度CHF (射血分数30.5 +/-1.3) 男性胰岛素敏感性的影响。主要结果是空腹胰岛素敏感性的稳态模型指数 (homa-ir),次要结果是通过生物电阻抗和葡萄糖耐量对标准75g口服葡萄糖负荷进行测量的身体成分。对安慰剂与睾丸激素相比的治疗效果的delta值进行了分析。在基线时,homa-ir与体脂 [% 脂肪质量 (rP = 0.84,p = 0.0001) 和体重指数 (rP = 0.79,p = 0.01)] 的测量值相关,但与CHF严重程度无关。睾酮降低homa-ir (-1.9 +/-0.8,p = 0.03),表明改善的空腹胰岛素敏感性。睾酮也增加总质量 (+ 1.5 +/-0.5千克,p = 0.008) 和减少体脂 (-0.8 +/-0.3%,p = 0.02)。睾丸激素可改善CHF男性的空腹胰岛素敏感性,也可能增加瘦体重,这些数据表明睾丸激素对CHF的重要代谢成分具有有利作用。
  • 【无症状年轻男性基于尿液的沙眼衣原体筛查的可接受性: 系统评价。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31816938ca 复制DOI
    作者列表:Marrazzo JM,Scholes D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We performed a structured literature review of published studies from 2000-2007 that measured the acceptability and acceptance (uptake) of urine testing for C. trachomatis among asymptomatic men. Studies were categorized as three types: (a) non-STD clinic venues where men were approached in person and offered testing on site (urgent care clinics, freestanding clinics or health screening settings, corrections, community centers); (b) delivery of testing kits to men at their homes; and (c) qualitative measurement related to men's experience of screening. When offered in established nonhome-based settings (clinics, schools, corrections), acceptability and consequent uptake of testing by men is generally good (mid-60% range). However, acceptance rates even in these settings vary widely and are influenced by venue, provider, and a diversity of other factors. Acceptance of home-based testing invitations, including direct mailing of test kits, is considerably lower. Attitudinal characteristics of men who decline testing primarily include low self-perception of risk for asymptomatic infection and perceived inconvenience of providing test specimens. Given these findings, testing strategies targeting asymptomatic men in established community and clinic settings are most likely to yield relatively high acceptance rates. However, barriers to both implementation and uptake remain, even when such testing is free. Interventions to enhance uptake of testing in asymptomatic men should be developed and selected with underlying C. trachomatis population prevalence in mind.
    背景与目标: : 我们对2000-2007年发表的研究进行了结构化文献综述,这些研究测量了无症状男性中沙眼衣原体尿液检测的可接受性和接受度 (摄取)。研究分为三种类型 :( a) 非性病诊所,亲自接触男性并在现场提供测试 (紧急护理诊所、独立诊所或健康筛查环境、矫正、社区中心); (b) 向男性在家中提供测试包; (c) 与男性筛查经验相关的定性测量。当在既定的非家庭环境 (诊所,学校,矫正) 中提供时,男性对测试的可接受性和随之而来的接受程度通常是良好的 (60% 左右)。但是,即使在这些设置中,接受率也相差很大,并且受场地,提供商和其他多种因素的影响。接受家庭测试邀请,包括直接邮寄测试套件,要低得多。拒绝测试的男性的态度特征主要包括对无症状感染风险的低自我感知和提供测试样本的不便。鉴于这些发现,在既定的社区和诊所环境中针对无症状男性的测试策略最有可能产生相对较高的接受率。然而,即使这种测试是免费的,实施和实施的障碍仍然存在。应制定和选择干预措施,以提高无症状男性的测试水平,并考虑潜在的沙眼衣原体人群患病率。
  • 【石榴汁用于前列腺癌手术或放疗后前列腺特异性抗原升高的男性的II期研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2290 复制DOI
    作者列表:Pantuck AJ,Leppert JT,Zomorodian N,Aronson W,Hong J,Barnard RJ,Seeram N,Liker H,Wang H,Elashoff R,Heber D,Aviram M,Ignarro L,Belldegrun A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:Phytochemicals in plants may have cancer preventive benefits through antioxidation and via gene-nutrient interactions. We sought to determine the effects of pomegranate juice (a major source of antioxidants) consumption on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in men with a rising PSA following primary therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:A phase II, Simon two-stage clinical trial for men with rising PSA after surgery or radiotherapy was conducted. Eligible patients had a detectable PSA > 0.2 and < 5 ng/mL and Gleason score < or = 7. Patients were treated with 8 ounces of pomegranate juice daily (Wonderful variety, 570 mg total polyphenol gallic acid equivalents) until disease progression. Clinical end points included safety and effect on serum PSA, serum-induced proliferation and apoptosis of LNCaP cells, serum lipid peroxidation, and serum nitric oxide levels. RESULTS:The study was fully accrued after efficacy criteria were met. There were no serious adverse events reported and the treatment was well tolerated. Mean PSA doubling time significantly increased with treatment from a mean of 15 months at baseline to 54 months posttreatment (P < 0.001). In vitro assays comparing pretreatment and posttreatment patient serum on the growth of LNCaP showed a 12% decrease in cell proliferation and a 17% increase in apoptosis (P = 0.0048 and 0.0004, respectively), a 23% increase in serum nitric oxide (P = 0.0085), and significant (P < 0.02) reductions in oxidative state and sensitivity to oxidation of serum lipids after versus before pomegranate juice consumption. CONCLUSIONS:We report the first clinical trial of pomegranate juice in patients with prostate cancer. The statistically significant prolongation of PSA doubling time, coupled with corresponding laboratory effects on prostate cancer in vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as oxidative stress, warrant further testing in a placebo-controlled study.
    背景与目标:
  • 【老年男性力量和/或耐力训练期间的身体成分和健身。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318165c854 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sillanpää E,Häkkinen A,Nyman K,Mattila M,Cheng S,Karavirta L,Laaksonen DE,Huuhka N,Kraemer WJ,Häkkinen K
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:This study examined adaptations in body composition and physical fitness during a 21-wk strength and/or endurance training period in 40- to 65-yr-old men. We also compared the usefulness of different methods for the analysis of body composition to detect training-induced adaptations. METHODS:Fifty-three men were randomized into the endurance training (E: N = 14), strength training (S: N = 13), combined strength and endurance training (SE: N = 15), or control (C: N = 11) groups. S and E trained 2 and SE 2 x 2 times a week for strength and endurance. RESULTS:Percentage of fat (fat%) decreased (5-8%) similarly in all training groups. Fat% measured by DXA at baseline and its change correlated with those recorded by bioimpedance (r = 0.90 and 0.66), skinfolds (r = 0.80 and 0.78), and waistline (r = 0.84 and 0.74). Lean mass in legs (DXA) increased only in S (2.0 +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001), but the thickness of vastus lateralis and intermedius measured by ultrasound increased (7-11%) in all training groups, and that of triceps brachii increased in S (22%) and SE (20%). Maximal concentric force increased significantly in S, SE, and E (by 22, 23, and 7%), and maximal oxygen uptake increased in both E (11%) and SE (11%). CONCLUSIONS:Waist circumference and skinfold thickness seem to reasonably assess changes in percent body fat during training. However, only DXA was capable to separate small differences between the groups in training-induced changes in lean body mass. Combined strength and endurance training is of greater value than either alone in optimizing body composition or improving physical fitness in older men.
    背景与目标:
  • 【二氢睾酮和睾酮在整个捷克男性的寿命。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stárka L,Dusková M,Hill M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:The dihydrotestosterone:testosterone ratio seems to be an important factor in the expression of androgenic activity, especially in the prostate and pilosebaceous unit. Whereas the decline of testosterone (T) in aging men is well known, controversial data can be found in literature concerning the age dependence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. Data from the database of the Institute of Endocrinology served as the basis for the definition of the life span curve for the ratio dihydrotestosterone : testosterone. METHODS:The results of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone obtained immunoassays from 10 251 male patients were used in the construction of the curve. RESULTS:The data show that after a peak of DHT:T in infancy and a subsequent decrease in puberty, the ratio of both androgens remains practically without change from approx. 20 years of age till old age. CONCLUSION:High DHT:T ratio in infancy decreases at puberty and throughout the entire reproductive period of life this ration remains practically constant.
    背景与目标:
  • 【药物基因组学、药代动力学和药效学: 男女生物学差异的相互作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/bph.12362 复制DOI
    作者列表:Franconi F,Campesi I
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Pharmacological response depends on multiple factors and one of them is sex-gender. Data on the specific effects of sex-gender on pharmacokinetics, as well as the safety and efficacy of numerous medications, are beginning to emerge. Nevertheless, the recruitment of women for clinical research is inadequate, especially during the first phases. In general, pharmacokinetic differences between males and females are more numerous and consistent than disparities in pharmacodynamics. However, sex-gender pharmacodynamic differences are now increasingly being identified at the molecular level. It is now even becoming apparent that sex-gender influences pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics. Sex-related differences have been reported for several parameters, and it is consistently shown that women have a worse safety profile, with drug adverse reactions being more frequent and severe in women than in men. Overall, the pharmacological status of women is less well studied than that of men and deserves much more attention. The design of clinical and preclinical studies should have a sex-gender-based approach with the aim of tailoring therapies to an individual's needs and concerns.
    背景与目标: : 药理反应取决于多种因素,其中之一是性别。有关性别对药代动力学的特定影响以及许多药物的安全性和有效性的数据开始出现。然而,招募女性进行临床研究是不够的,尤其是在第一阶段。通常,男性和女性之间的药代动力学差异比药效学差异更多且一致。然而,性别-性别药效学差异现在越来越多地在分子水平上被发现。现在甚至变得很明显,性别会影响药物基因组学和药物遗传学。已经报告了几个参数的性别相关差异,并且一直显示女性的安全性较差,女性的药物不良反应比男性更为频繁和严重。总体而言,女性的药理状况比男性研究得少,值得更多关注。临床和临床前研究的设计应采用基于性别的方法,目的是根据个人的需求和关注点定制疗法。

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