Anticonvulsants are becoming increasingly popular for the management of psychiatric and neuropsychiatric syndromes. This may be related to antikindling properties of these agents in addition to modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and other neurotransmitters. Treatment selection is complicated by the inconsistent availability of randomized controlled data among the growing range of choices. Moreover, generalization of psychiatric to neuropsychiatric applications of anticonvulsant treatments is not universally applicable. This paper reviews the use of newer anticonvulsants in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly aggression and agitation. The largest body of treatment data is available for valproic acid, which appears to be efficacious and well-tolerated in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Less consistent data are available for other medications. Further prospective studies are warranted to examine the use of these medications in neuropsychiatric populations.