Oncolytic viruses exploit the cancer cell phenotype to complete their lytic life cycle, releasing progeny virus to infect nearby cells and repeat the process. We modified the oncolytic group B adenovirus EnAdenotucirev (EnAd) to express a bispecific single-chain antibody, secreted from infected tumour cells into the microenvironment. This bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) binds to EpCAM on target cells and cross-links them to CD3 on T cells, leading to clustering and activation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. BiTE transcription can be controlled by the virus major late promoter, limiting expression to cancer cells that are permissive for virus replication. This approach can potentiate the cytotoxicity of EnAd, and we demonstrate using primary pleural effusions and peritoneal malignant ascites that infection of cancer cells with the BiTE-expressing EnAd leads to activation of endogenous T cells to kill endogenous tumour cells despite the immunosuppressive environment. In this way, we have armed EnAd to combine both direct oncolysis and T cell-mediated killing, yielding a potent therapeutic that should be readily transferred into the clinic.

译文

溶瘤病毒利用癌细胞表型来完成其裂解生命周期,释放后代病毒以感染附近的细胞并重复该过程。我们修改了溶瘤组B腺病毒EnAdenotucirev (EnAd) 表达双特异性单链抗体,该抗体从感染的肿瘤细胞分泌到微环境中。这种双特异性T细胞接合器 (BiTE) 与靶细胞上的EpCAM结合,并将它们与T细胞上的CD3交联,从而导致CD4和CD8 T细胞的聚集和激活。BiTE转录可以由病毒主要的晚期启动子控制,从而限制了对允许病毒复制的癌细胞的表达。这种方法可以增强EnAd的细胞毒性,并且我们证明使用原发性胸腔积液和腹膜恶性腹水,尽管存在免疫抑制环境,但用BiTE表达的EnAd感染癌细胞会导致内源性T细胞激活以杀死内源性肿瘤细胞。通过这种方式,我们已经武装EnAd将直接溶解和T细胞介导的杀伤结合起来,产生了一种有效的治疗方法,可以很容易地转移到临床中。

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