Physical performance declines with age, even in exercising, healthy individuals without major illnesses or orthopedic issues. The rate of performance decline is often reported to accelerate after the age of 70 years, but almost no data are available on performance in the fittest oldest-old. To assess their rate of decline in performance, the biggest data set of track and field athletes aged ≥80 years (1567 results) ever published was generated for different disciplines from German Athletics Federations including 1997-2019. Performance at age 80 years of athletes still participating at age 85 years was compared with those who discontinued. Only 1 of every 22 athletes competing at age 80 years still competed at age 90 years. The performance decline was more than three times as steep in athletes aged ≥80 years (on average 1.62%/year, men: 100 m, R = 0.31, p < 0.001; 200 m, R = 0.17, p = 0.037; long jump, R = -0.37, p < 0.001; shot put, R = -0.32, p < 0.001; discus, R = -0.34, p < 0.001; javelin, R = -0.43, p < 0.001; women: shot put, R = -0.24, p = 0.017; discus, R = -0.33, p = 0.010) compared with athletes aged 30-69 years (0.46%/year) and accelerated at an average of 67 years. This accelerated decline was most pronounced in the sprint disciplines and lowest in the throws. Performance at age 80 years was similar in athletes still participating at age 85 years to those who discontinued, and the variability in results was decreased after age 90 years. In conclusion, physical performance declines more than three times as fast after around the age of 67 years compared with before. This was particularly the case for sprinting but was not a result of dropout of poorer performing athletes.

译文

身体表现随着年龄的增长而下降,即使在运动中,健康的人没有重大疾病或骨科问题。据报道,性能下降的速度通常会在70岁以后加速,但是几乎没有关于适龄最老的性能的数据。为了评估他们的表现下降速度,德国田径联合会 (包括1997-2019) 针对不同学科生成了有史以来最大的年龄 ≥ 80岁的田径运动员数据集 (1567结果)。将仍在85岁时参加比赛的80岁运动员的表现与停赛者进行了比较。在80岁时参加比赛的22名运动员中,只有1名仍在90岁时参加比赛。年龄 ≥ 80岁的运动员成绩下降幅度超过3倍 (平均1.62%/年,男性: 100  m,r   =   0.31,p  <  0.001; 200  m,r   =   0.17,p   =   0.037; 跳远,r   =  -0.37,P  <  0.001; 铅球,r   =  -0.32,p  <  0.001; 铁饼,r   =  -0.34,p  <  0.001; 标枪,r   =  -0.43,p  <  0.001; 女子: 铅球,r   =  -0.24,P   =   0.017; discus,r   =  -0.33,p   =   0.010) 与30-69岁 (0.46%/年) 的运动员相比,平均加速67岁。这种加速下降在冲刺学科中最为明显,在投掷中最低。仍在85岁时参加比赛的运动员在80岁时的表现与停课运动员相似,并且在90岁时成绩的变异性降低了。总之,在67岁左右的年龄之后,身体机能下降的速度是以前的三倍以上。短跑尤其如此,但这并不是表现较差的运动员辍学的结果。

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