• 【阐明电子烟对亚洲烟草控制的挑战: 台湾基于人口的全国调查。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014263 复制DOI
    作者列表:Chang HC,Tsai YW,Shiu MN,Wang YT,Chang PY
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) use in Taiwan. DESIGN AND SETTING:We studied a nationally representative random sample in the 2015 Taiwan Adult Smoking Behavior Survey. PARTICIPANTS:This study included 26 021 participants aged 15 years or older (51% women, 79% non-smokers, 16% aged 15-24 years), after excluding 31 persons (0.1%) who had missing information on e-cigarette use. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES:The prevalence of ever having used e-cigarettes was calculated in the overall sample and by smoking status (current, former and never) or age (15-24, 25-44 and ≥45 years). We performed multivariable log-binomial regression to assess correlates of ever having used e-cigarettes among all participants and separately for subgroups by smoking status and age. RESULTS:Approximately 3% of all participants had ever used e-cigarettes. The prevalence of ever having used e-cigarettes was high in current smokers (14%) and people aged 18-24 years (7%). E-cigarette use was particularly common in people aged 15-24 years who were current (49-52%) or former (22-39%) smokers. Ever having used e-cigarettes was positively associated with tobacco smoking (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 21.5, 95% CI 15.4 to 29.8, current smokers; aPR: 8.3, 95% CI 15.2 to 13.1, former smokers), younger age and high socioeconomic status. Age remained a significant factor of ever having used e-cigarettes across smoking status groups. Among non-smokers, men had a 2.4-fold (95% CI 1.5 to 3.8) greater prevalence of e-cigarette use than women. CONCLUSIONS:E-cigarette use was uncommon in the general population in Taiwan, but prevalence was high among smokers and young people. This study highlights challenges that e-cigarettes pose to tobacco control, which warrant high priority action by policymakers and public health professionals. E-cigarette regulations should focus on young people.
    背景与目标:
  • 【广泛的发热性疾病评估 (FIEBRE): 非洲和亚洲发热原因的多站点前瞻性观察研究方案。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035632 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hopkins H,Bassat Q,Chandler CI,Crump JA,Feasey NA,Ferrand RA,Kranzer K,Lalloo DG,Mayxay M,Newton PN,Mabey D,FIEBRE Consortium.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Fever commonly leads to healthcare seeking and hospital admission in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. There is only limited guidance for clinicians managing non-malarial fevers, which often results in inappropriate treatment for patients. Furthermore, there is little evidence for estimates of disease burden, or to guide empirical therapy, control measures, resource allocation, prioritisation of clinical diagnostics or antimicrobial stewardship. The Febrile Illness Evaluation in a Broad Range of Endemicities (FIEBRE) study seeks to address these information gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:FIEBRE investigates febrile illness in paediatric and adult outpatients and inpatients using standardised clinical, laboratory and social science protocols over a minimum 12-month period at five sites in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeastern and Southern Asia. Patients presenting with fever are enrolled and provide clinical data, pharyngeal swabs and a venous blood sample; selected participants also provide a urine sample. Laboratory assessments target infections that are treatable and/or preventable. Selected point-of-care tests, as well as blood and urine cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, are performed on site. On day 28, patients provide a second venous blood sample for serology and information on clinical outcome. Further diagnostic assays are performed at international reference laboratories. Blood and pharyngeal samples from matched community controls enable calculation of AFs, and surveys of treatment seeking allow estimation of the incidence of common infections. Additional assays detect markers that may differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial causes of illness and/or prognosticate illness severity. Social science research on antimicrobial use will inform future recommendations for fever case management. Residual samples from participants are stored for future use. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Ethics approval was obtained from all relevant institutional and national committees; written informed consent is obtained from all participants or parents/guardians. Final results will be shared with participating communities, and in open-access journals and other scientific fora. Study documents are available online (https://doi.org/10.17037/PUBS.04652739).
    背景与目标:
  • 【东南亚史前大陆的贫血、遗传疾病和疟疾。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199609)101:1<11::AID-AJPA2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Tayles N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: The analysis of a sample of skeletons from the 4,000-year-old site of Khok Phanom Di on the coast of central Thailand has identified a number of individuals with skeletal evidence suggestive of severe anemia. The differential diagnosis of the lesions is discussed and the presence of one of the thalassemia syndromes is proposed. The implications of this for southeast Asian prehistory are discussed. The presence of these conditions has been suggested in previous analyses of prehistoric southeast Asian populations, but this is the first population in which the evidence, including postcranial responses, is presented in detail.

    背景与目标: 对来自泰国中部沿海拥有4,000年历史的Khok Phanom Di遗址的骨骼样本进行的分析发现,有许多骨骼证据表明患有严重贫血。讨论了病变的鉴别诊断疾病,并提出了一种地中海贫血综合征的存在。讨论了这对东南亚史前的影响。在先前对史前东南亚人群的分析中已经提出了这些条件的存在,但这是第一个详细介绍了包括颅后反应在内的证据的人群。
  • 【在1980-2010年期间,使用土地利用和土地覆盖强迫耦合模型评估区域气候对东亚陆地生态系统的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-59503-4 复制DOI
    作者列表:Cao F,Dan L,Ma Z,Gao T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The coupled model AVIM-RIEMS2.0 is employed to examine the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem over East Asia during three decades since the 1980s. The vegetation parameters present significantly different responses to climate change in subregions, since the effects of climate change trigger seasonal signals on land surface processes at the regional scale. In the 1980s, the increasing temperature and rainfall lead to a decrease in biomass and leaf area index (LAI) in winter, but a slight increase in net primary productivity (NPP) over China. However, summertime precipitation shows interval changes of cyclic increase-decrease pattern over eastern China, and the similar pattern also occurs for the variations in biomass and LAI. In the 1990s, the temperature and precipitation over the most regions in East Asia demonstrate the opposite changes compared to the 1980s, which results in converse variations in LAI and vegetation carbon flux. In the 2000s, biomass and LAI in the mid-lower reaches of Yangtze River basin and southeast coastal regions exhibit the same changes as precipitation in winter, and NPP shows a similar response to temperature. The biomass and LAI show consistent responses to regional climate change in summer, while different responses are seen for NPP. In general, climate change had a great impact on the vegetation in the 1990s, which produced the remarkable influences on LAI and biomass in winter and the significant impacts on NPP in summer. Over the regions affected significantly by East Asian monsoon, e.g. South China, the terrestrial ecosystem displays a roughly consistent response to regional climate change.
    背景与目标: : 自20世纪80年代以来的三十年中,使用耦合模型AVIM-RIEMS2.0来研究气候变化对东亚陆地生态系统的影响。由于气候变化的影响在区域范围内触发了季节性信号,因此植被参数对次区域气候变化的响应存在显着差异。20世纪80年代,温度和降雨的增加导致冬季生物量和叶面积指数 (LAI) 下降,但中国的净初级生产力 (NPP) 略有增加。然而,夏季降水显示出中国东部地区循环增减模式的间隔变化,生物量和LAI的变化也出现类似的模式。20世纪90年代,与20世纪80年代相比,东亚大部分地区的温度和降水表现出相反的变化,这导致LAI和植被碳通量的相反变化。21世纪00年代,长江流域中下游和东南沿海地区的生物量和LAI与冬季的降水变化相同,NPP对温度的响应相似。生物量和LAI在夏季对区域气候变化表现出一致的响应,而NPP则表现出不同的响应。总的来说,气候变化对20世纪90年代植被的影响很大,冬季对LAI和生物量的影响很大,夏季对NPP的影响也很大。在受东亚季风影响较大的地区,例如华南地区,陆地生态系统对区域气候变化表现出大致一致的响应。
  • 【花叶榕是由东南亚大陆的单个agaonid黄蜂物种的单个种群授粉的。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04654.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kobmoo N,Hossaert-McKey M,Rasplus JY,Kjellberg F
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :High specificity in the Ficus-agaonid wasp mutualism has lead to the assumption of a mostly 'one-to-one' relationship, albeit with some exceptions. This view has been challenged by new molecular data in recent years, but surprisingly little is known about local and spatial genetic structuring of agaonid wasp populations. Using microsatellite markers, we analysed genetic structuring of Ceratosolen fusciceps, the fig wasp pollinating Ficus racemosa, a fig tree species widely distributed from India to Australia. In sampling stretching from the south of China to the south of Thailand we found evidence for only a single pollinating wasp species in continental South-East Asian mainland. We found no evidence for the co-occurrence of cryptic species within our subcontinent sampling zone. We observed no spatial genetic structure within sites and only limited structuring over the whole sampling zone, suggesting that F. racemosa is pollinated by a single population of a single agaonid wasp species all over continental South-East Asia. An additional sample of wasps collected on F. racemosa in Australia showed clear-cut genetic differentiation from the Asian continent, suggesting allopatric divergence into subspecies or species. We propose that the frequent local co-occurrence of sister species found in the literature mainly stems from contact zones between biogeographic regions, and that a single pollinator species over wide areas might be the more common situation everywhere else.
    背景与目标: : 尽管有一些例外,但榕-agaonid wasp的高度特异性导致了大多数 “一对一” 关系的假设。近年来,新的分子数据对这种观点提出了挑战,但令人惊讶的是,对agaonid wasp种群的局部和空间遗传结构知之甚少。使用微卫星标记,我们分析了Ceratosolen fusciceps的遗传结构,Ceratosolen fusciceps是无花果黄蜂授粉榕花叶,这是一种从印度到澳大利亚广泛分布的无花果树种。在从中国南部到泰国南部的采样中,我们发现了东南亚大陆上只有一种授粉黄蜂物种的证据。我们没有发现在我们的次大陆采样区内同时出现隐秘物种的证据。我们在整个采样区域内没有观察到空间遗传结构,并且仅在整个采样区域内结构有限,这表明总状花序是由整个东南亚大陆的单个agaonid黄蜂物种的单个种群授粉的。在澳大利亚的总状花序上收集的另一只黄蜂样本显示出与亚洲大陆的明显遗传分化,表明异种分化为亚种或物种。我们认为,文献中发现的姐妹物种经常在当地同时出现,主要是由于生物地理区域之间的接触区,而在广阔的区域中,单个授粉媒介物种可能是其他地方更常见的情况。
  • 【创伤稳定是东南亚创伤后应激问题儿童的有效治疗方法。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/inm.12707 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mattheß C,Farrell D,Mattheß M,Bumke P,Sodemann U,Mattheß H
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :High numbers of children and adolescents in South-East Asia are traumatized by either natural disasters or human-made violence. Addressing traumatic sequelae in local populations with empirically based trauma treatments is challenged by the insufficiency inappropriately trained mental health provision. To meet this need for qualified therapists, the humanitarian/trauma capacity-building organization, Trauma Aid Germany, trained 37 therapists in psychotraumatology, including trauma stabilization. This study analyses the impact of trauma stabilization as a sole treatment intervention for post-traumatic stress (PTS) problems in children and adolescents. Each client was screened for PTS problems pre- and post-treatment using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Trauma stabilization (including psychoeducation) was the focus for subsequent data analysis. Those excluded were clients in receipt of trauma confrontation interventions. Trauma stabilization, as a sole treatment intervention, appeared to be sufficiently effective in reducing the PTS problems. The data set suggests that trauma stabilization has the potential to be effective, efficient, and sufficient treatment intervention for PTS problems in children and adolescents. Trauma stabilization techniques have the advantage of being relatively straightforward to teach and easy to integrate into practice. They are clinically safe, flexible, adaptable to the development stage and age of the client, and culturally and spiritually sensitive. A further advantage of trauma stabilization interventions is that they are bespoke - adjusted and adapted to the specific needs of the client. The discussion considers the implications for the potential utilization of mental health nurses and paraprofessionals in low- and middle-income countries in trauma stabilization interventions.
    背景与目标: : 东南亚大量儿童和青少年受到自然灾害或人为暴力的创伤。通过基于经验的创伤治疗来解决当地人群的创伤后遗症,这是由于缺乏经过不适当培训的精神卫生提供而提出的挑战。为了满足对合格治疗师的需求,人道主义/创伤能力建设组织德国创伤援助组织对37名治疗师进行了精神创伤学培训,包括创伤稳定。这项研究分析了创伤稳定作为儿童和青少年创伤后应激 (PTS) 问题的唯一治疗干预措施的影响。使用儿童行为清单对每个客户进行治疗前和治疗后的PTS问题筛查。创伤稳定 (包括心理教育) 是后续数据分析的重点。被排除在外的是接受创伤对抗干预的客户。作为唯一的治疗干预措施,创伤稳定似乎在减少PTS问题方面足够有效。数据集表明,创伤稳定有可能对儿童和青少年的PTS问题进行有效,有效和充分的治疗干预。创伤稳定技术的优点是教学相对简单,易于融入实践。它们在临床上是安全的,灵活的,能够适应客户的发展阶段和年龄,并且在文化和精神上都很敏感。创伤稳定干预措施的另一个优点是,它们经过定制调整并适应客户的特定需求。讨论考虑了中低收入国家精神卫生护士和准专业人员在创伤稳定干预措施中的潜在利用的影响。
  • 【走向亚太地区消除狂犬病: 从理论到实践。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.01.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Rabies is a major neglected zoonotic disease and causes a substantial burden in the Asian region. Currently, Pacific Oceania is free of rabies but enzootic areas throughout southeast Asia represent a major risk of disease introduction to this region. On September 25-26, 2019, researchers, government officials and related stakeholders met at an IABS conference in Bangkok, Thailand to engage on the topic of human rabies mediated by dogs. The objective of the meeting was focused upon snowballing efforts towards achieving substantial progress in rabies prevention, control and elimination within Asia by 2030, and thereby to safeguard the Pacific region. Individual sessions focused upon domestic animal, wildlife and human vaccination; the production and evaluation of quality, safety and efficacy of existing rabies biologics; and the future development of new products. Participants reviewed the progress to date in eliminating canine rabies by mass vaccination, described supportive methods to parenteral administration by oral vaccine application, considered updated global and local approaches at human prophylaxis and discussed the considerable challenges ahead. Such opportunities provide continuous engagement on disease management among professionals at a trans-disciplinary level and promote new applied research collaborations in a modern One Health context.
    背景与目标: : 狂犬病是一种主要的被忽视的人畜共患传染病,在亚洲地区造成沉重负担。目前,大洋洲太平洋地区没有狂犬病,但整个东南亚的动物区是该地区引入疾病的主要风险。2019年9月25至26日,研究人员,政府官员和相关利益相关者在泰国曼谷举行的IABS会议上开会,讨论由狗介导的人类狂犬病的话题。会议的目标集中在为在亚洲2030年内的狂犬病预防,控制和消除方面取得实质性进展而进行的滚雪球努力,从而维护太平洋地区。个别会议的重点是家畜,野生动植物和人类疫苗接种; 生产和评估现有狂犬病生物制剂的质量,安全性和有效性; 以及新产品的未来开发。参与者回顾了迄今为止通过群体接种消除犬狂犬病的进展,描述了通过口服疫苗应用对肠胃外给药的支持方法,考虑了人类预防的最新全球和本地方法,并讨论了未来的巨大挑战。这样的机会提供了跨学科专业人员在疾病管理方面的持续参与,并在现代一个健康背景下促进了新的应用研究合作。
  • 【评估中亚前U矿区的 γ 和ra剂量率的放射学影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.12.005 复制DOI
    作者列表:Stegnar P,Shishkov I,Burkitbayev M,Tolongutov B,Yunusov M,Radyuk R,Salbu B
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :An assessment of the radiological situation due to exposure to gamma radiation, radon and thoron was carried out at selected former uranium mining and processing sites in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Gamma dose rate measurements were made using various field instruments and radon/thoron measurements were carried out using discriminative radon ((222)Rn)/thoron ((220)Rn) solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD). The detectors were exposed for an extended period of time, including at least three seasonal periods in a year, in different outdoor and indoor public and residential environments at the selected uranium legacy sites. The results showed that gamma, Rn and Tn doses were in general low, which consequently implies a low/relatively low radiological risk. The major radiation hazard is represented by abandoned radioactive filtration material that was being used as insulation by some Minkush residents (Kyrgyzstan) for a longer period of time. Annual radiation doses of several hundred mSv could be received as a consequence of using this material domestically. In addition, the gamma and Rn/Tn dose rates at Digmai, Tajikistan, could reach values of several 10 mSv/a. The doses of ionizing radiation deriving from external radiation (gamma dose rate), indoor radon and thoron with their short-lived progenies in several cases exceeded the recommended annual effective dose threshold level of 10 mSv. At none of the sites investigated did the individual annual effective doses exceed 30 mSv, the internationally recommended value for considering intervention. Current doses of ionizing radiation do not represent a serious hazard to the health of the resident public, but this issue should be adequately addressed to further reduce needless exposure of the resident public to ionizing radiation.
    背景与目标: : 在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦选定的前铀矿开采和加工地点,对暴露于伽马辐射、氡和索隆的辐射情况进行了评估。使用各种现场仪器进行伽马剂量率测量,并使用判别性氡 ((222)Rn)/thoron ((220)Rn) 固态核径迹探测器 (SSNTD) 进行氡/thoron测量。探测器在选定的铀遗留地点的不同室外和室内公共和住宅环境中暴露了很长一段时间,包括一年中的至少三个季节性时期。结果表明,γ,Rn和Tn剂量通常较低,因此意味着较低/相对较低的放射风险。主要的辐射危害表现为废弃的放射性过滤材料,这些材料被Minkush居民 (吉尔吉斯斯坦) 长期用作绝缘材料。由于在国内使用这种材料,可以接收到数百毫西弗的年辐射剂量。此外,塔吉克斯坦Digmai的 γ 和Rn/Tn剂量率可能达到10 mSv/a的值。在某些情况下,来自外部辐射 (伽马剂量率),室内ra和thoron及其短寿命后代的电离辐射剂量超过了建议的10 mSv的年度有效剂量阈值水平。在所调查的所有站点中,单个年度有效剂量均未超过30 mSv,这是考虑干预的国际推荐值。目前的电离辐射剂量对居民公众的健康并不构成严重危害,但应充分解决这一问题,以进一步减少居民公众对电离辐射的不必要暴露。
  • 9 Human Taeniasis and cysticercosis in Asia. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【亚洲的人类绦虫病和囊虫病。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14965-3 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ito A,Nakao M,Wandra T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: CONTEXT:Human Taeniasis caused by the pork, Taenia solium, or beef, T saginata, tapeworm arises after eating pork or beef contaminated with metacestodes, the larval stage of these parasites. Taeniasis with T solium can lead to neurocysticercosis and threaten others by accidental ingestion of eggs released from asymptomatic Taeniasis patients. The 2003 World Health Assembly declared that T solium is of worldwide public-health importance, and that it is an eradicable parasitic disease worldwide. Adult taeniid tapeworms expelled from people in almost all Asian countries appeared to be T saginata (the so-called Asian Taenia), even though they ate pork. The organism is now named T asiatica, and has been found in Taiwan, Korea, China, Vietnam, and Indonesia. But it has been difficult to differentiate T saginata from beef and Asian Taenia from pork. STARTING POINT:Marshall Lightowlers and colleagues (Int J Parasitol 2003; 33: 1207-17) recently demonstrated that recombinant oncosphere vaccines against several taeniid cestodes, including T ovis, T saginata, T solium, and Echinococcus granulosus, are highly effective. Protection was almost 100%, in the laboratory and in the field. These researchers found several common features, including a predicted secretory signal sequence, and one or two copies of a fibronectin type III domain, each encoded by separate exons within the associated gene. WHERE NEXT? Molecular and immunological techniques, including vaccine research and development of animal models for differentiation of taeniid species in humans, have greatly advanced over the past decade. The clinical importance of infections by these taeniids, including T asiatica, in humans, and the potential for cysticercosis attributable to T asiatica in humans, needs further study.
    背景与目标:
  • 【血清阴性脊柱关节病 -- 来自亚太地区的研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Howe HS,Zhao L,Song YW,Springer L,Edmonds J,Gu J,Yu DT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recent therapeutic advances, in particular the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents, have revived interest in the seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA), a group of arthritides characterised by axial skeletal involvement and the absence of rheumatoid factor. The purpose of this article is to review the studies that have been done in the Asia Pacific region, as a broad understanding of the scope and severity of this group of diseases would enable rheumatologists and physicians in this part of the world to better manage their patients. The majority of genetic studies have focused on the associations of HLA-B27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and SpA, while a few studies examined the associations of the CARD, IL-1, LMP2, TAP and TGF with AS. There are a handful of studies on the immunological responses to bacteria and cytokine levels in AS. The onset and clinical features of SpA have been reported from most countries in the region, but no data on patient outcomes, using current measurement tools such as the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity index (BASDAI), is available. Validation of these instruments of measurement as well as classification criteria in different ethnic populations is necessary where no prior data exist. Future studies will likely be focused on better clinical characterisation of patient cohorts, particularly with regard to the use of currently used measurement tools for disease activity and spinal function and mobility, and the identification of the need for biologic therapy in each country.
    背景与目标: : 最近的治疗进展,特别是抗肿瘤坏死因子 (anti-TNF) 药物的使用,重新引起了对血清阴性脊柱关节病 (SpA) 的兴趣,该病是一组以轴向骨骼受累和类风湿因子缺乏为特征的关节炎。本文的目的是回顾在亚太地区所做的研究,因为对这组疾病的范围和严重程度的广泛了解将使世界这一地区的风湿病学家和医生能够更好地管理他们的患者。大多数遗传学研究都集中在HLA-B27与强直性脊柱炎 (AS) 和SpA的关联上,而一些研究则检查了CARD,IL-1,LMP2,TAP和TGF与AS的关联。关于AS中对细菌和细胞因子水平的免疫反应的研究很少。该地区大多数国家都报道了SpA的发作和临床特征,但没有使用当前测量工具 (例如Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数 (BASDAI)) 的患者预后数据。在没有先前数据的情况下,必须对这些测量工具以及不同种族人群的分类标准进行验证。未来的研究可能会集中在更好的患者队列临床特征上,特别是在使用当前使用的疾病活动,脊柱功能和活动度测量工具以及确定每个国家/地区对生物疗法的需求方面。
  • 【东南亚儿童轮状病毒感染2008-2018: 疾病负担,基因型分布,季节性和疫苗接种。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1186/s12929-020-00649-8 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lestari FB,Vongpunsawad S,Wanlapakorn N,Poovorawan Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Rotaviruses (RVs) are recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children worldwide. Here we summarize the virology, disease burden, prevalence, distribution of genotypes and seasonality of RVs, and the current status of RV vaccination in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) from 2008 to 2018. METHODS:Rotavirus infection in Children in Southeast Asia countries was assessed using data from Pubmed and Google Scholars. Most countries in Southeast Asia have not yet introduced national RV vaccination programs. We exclude Brunei Darussalam, and Timor Leste because there were no eligible studies identified during that time. RESULTS:According to the 2008-2018 RV surveillance data for Southeast Asia, 40.78% of all diarrheal disease in children were caused by RV infection, which is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old in Southeast Asia. Mortality was inversely related to socioeconomic status. The most predominant genotype distribution of RV changed from G1P[8] and G2P[4] into the rare and unusual genotypes G3P[8], G8P[8], and G9P[8]. Although the predominat strain has changed, but the seasonality of RV infection remains unchanged. One of the best strategies for decreasing the global burden of the disease is the development and implementation of effective vaccines. CONCLUSIONS:The most predominant genotype distribution of RV was changed time by time. Rotavirus vaccine is highly cost effective in Southeast Asian countries because the ratio between cost per disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is less than one. These data are important for healthcare practitioners and officials to make appropriate policies and recommendations about RV vaccination.
    背景与目标:
  • 【影响亚洲HPV疫苗犹豫的多维社会和文化规范。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/21645515.2020.1756670 复制DOI
    作者列表:Wong LP,Wong PF,Megat Hashim MMAA,Han L,Lin Y,Hu Z,Zhao Q,Zimet GD
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia is unique compared to Western countries due to multidimensional social-cultural norms that influence beliefs regarding vaccination. Reviews on HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia lack of in-depth discussion regarding the traditional and social-cultural norms dimensions. This paper puts forward opinions in which culture, normative beliefs, and religion influence HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asian countries. Issues surrounding HPV hesitancy among parents, young adult women, adult women, men and the sexual and gender minority people in Asian countries were highlighted. The shortage of HPV vaccine supply would soon be reduced as some Asian countries are on the way to producing the HPV vaccine which production is currently dominated by Western European countries. The culture of favoring imported Western products among many in Asia and in addition to long-existing fake vaccine crisis pose a challenge for the newly emerging HPV vaccine produced in Asia. Some recommendations, research gaps, and future research needs were discussed.
    背景与目标: : 由于影响疫苗接种信念的多维社会文化规范,与西方国家相比,亚洲的HPV疫苗犹豫是独特的。关于亚洲HPV疫苗犹豫不决的评论缺乏关于传统和社会文化规范维度的深入讨论。本文提出了文化,规范信仰和宗教影响亚洲国家HPV疫苗犹豫的观点。强调了亚洲国家父母,成年女性,成年女性,男性以及性和性别少数群体中HPV犹豫不决的问题。随着一些亚洲国家正在生产目前由西欧国家主导的HPV疫苗,HPV疫苗供应的短缺将很快减少。在亚洲许多国家中,除了长期存在的假疫苗危机之外,偏爱进口西方产品的文化对亚洲新兴的HPV疫苗构成了挑战。讨论了一些建议、研究差距和未来的研究需求。
  • 【欧洲大西洋地区和北亚冬季地表气候变化的对流层上部桥梁。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-51019-w 复制DOI
    作者列表:Schlichtholz P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A remarkable feature of interannual climate variability is a robust link of wintertime anomalies of surface air temperature (SAT) in northern Asia to pan-Atlantic SAT variations associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Here statistical analyses of data from the era of satellite observations (1979-2017) are used to show that about 80% of the variance of the winter (December-March) mean area-averaged SAT anomalies in northern Asia can be explained by the anomalous surface circulation associated with an NAO-like mode of sea level pressure variability over extratropical Eurasia. These SAT anomalies are related equally strongly to the "Lake Baikal" vortex representing variations of the upper-tropospheric circulation over northern Asia. Support is given for the scenario that this vortex drives SAT anomalies in northern Asia via surface-reaching displacements of isentropic surfaces and that it is coupled to climate variability in the Euro-Atlantic sector via interactions between the North Atlantic storm track, quasi-stationary planetary waves, and zonal-mean zonal winds. The results underpin the importance of a lesser-known zonal wavenumber-3 structure of disturbances trapped over Eurasia by the polar front jet rather than the better-known zonal wavenumber-5 structure of disturbances trapped by the subtropical jet for NAO teleconnections.
    背景与目标: : 年际气候变化的一个显着特征是北亚冬季地表气温 (SAT) 异常与北大西洋涛动 (NAO) 相关的泛大西洋SAT变化之间的牢固联系。这里使用卫星观测时代 (1979-2017) 数据的统计分析来表明,北亚冬季 (12月-3月) 平均面积平均SAT异常的方差的约80% 可以用异常表面环流来解释。与类似NAO的海洋模式有关温带欧亚大陆的水平压力变化。这些SAT异常与代表北亚对流层上环流变化的 “贝加尔湖” 涡旋同样密切相关。支持以下情况: 该涡旋通过等熵表面的表面到达位移驱动北亚的SAT异常,并通过北大西洋风暴轨迹,准静止之间的相互作用与欧洲大西洋地区的气候变化耦合行星波和纬向平均纬向风。结果强调了由极地前射流捕获在欧亚大陆上的扰动的较鲜为人知的纬向wavenumber-3结构的重要性,而不是由亚热带射流捕获的NAO遥相关扰动的较知名的纬向wavenumber-5结构的重要性。
  • 【在整个亚洲,射血分数降低和保留的心力衰竭死亡率的区域变化: ASIAN-HF注册表中的结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1161/JAHA.119.012199 复制DOI
    作者列表:
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Background Data comparing outcomes in heart failure (HF) across Asia are limited. We examined regional variation in mortality among patients with HF enrolled in the ASIAN-HF (Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure) registry with separate analyses for those with reduced ejection fraction (EF; <40%) versus preserved EF (≥50%). Methods and Results The ASIAN-HF registry is a prospective longitudinal study. Participants with symptomatic HF were recruited from 46 secondary care centers in 3 Asian regions: South Asia (India), Southeast Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore), and Northeast Asia (South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China). Overall, 6480 patients aged >18 years with symptomatic HF were recruited (mean age: 61.6±13.3 years; 27% women; 81% with HF and reduced rEF). The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Striking regional variations in baseline characteristics and outcomes were observed. Regardless of HF type, Southeast Asians had the highest burden of comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, despite being younger than Northeast Asian participants. One-year, crude, all-cause mortality for the whole population was 9.6%, higher in patients with HF and reduced EF (10.6%) than in those with HF and preserved EF (5.4%). One-year, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in Southeast Asian patients (13.0%), compared with South Asian (7.5%) and Northeast Asian patients (7.4%; P<0.001). Well-known predictors of death accounted for only 44.2% of the variation in risk of mortality. Conclusions This first multinational prospective study shows that the outcomes in Asian patients with both HF and reduced or preserved EF are poor overall and worst in Southeast Asian patients. Region-specific risk factors and gaps in guideline-directed therapy should be addressed to potentially improve outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01633398.
    背景与目标: : 亚洲比较心力衰竭 (HF) 结果的背景数据有限。我们检查了入选ASIAN-HF (亚洲心力衰竭心源性猝死) 登记的HF患者死亡率的区域差异,并分别分析了射血分数降低 (EF; <40%) 与保留EF (≥ 50%) 的患者。方法和结果亚洲高频登记处是一项前瞻性纵向研究。有症状的HF参与者来自3个亚洲地区的46个二级护理中心: 南亚 (印度),东南亚 (泰国,马来西亚,菲律宾,印度尼西亚,新加坡) 和东北亚 (韩国,日本,台湾,香港,中国)。总体而言,招募了6480名年龄> 18岁的有症状的HF患者 (平均年龄: 61.6 ± 13.3岁; 27% 名女性; HF 81% 和rEF降低)。主要结局是1年全因死亡率.观察到基线特征和结果的显著区域差异。无论HF类型如何,东南亚人的合并症负担最高,尤其是糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病,尽管他们比东北亚参与者年轻。整个人群的一年,粗,全因死亡率为9.6%,HF和EF降低的患者 (10.6%) 高于HF和保留EF的患者 (5.4%)。与南亚 (7.5%) 和东北亚 (7.4%; P<0.001) 相比,东南亚患者 (13.0%) 的一年全因死亡率显着更高。众所周知的死亡预测因素仅占死亡风险变化的44.2%。结论这项首次跨国前瞻性研究表明,亚洲HF和EF降低或保留的患者的预后总体较差,东南亚患者最差。应针对特定区域的危险因素和指南指导治疗中的差距,以潜在地改善结局。临床试验注册网址: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/.唯一标识符: nct01633398
  • 【无烟烟草控制: 来自东南亚的诉讼和司法措施。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2063_17 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yadav A,Singh A,Khadka BB,Amarasinghe H,Yadav N,Singh R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recourse to litigation and positive judicial interventions is one of the most effective tools to meet public health objectives. The present review envisions compiling litigation and judicial measures in Southeast Asia Region (SEAR) while assessing their role in advancing smokeless tobacco (SLT) control, and equally highlighting, how tobacco industry has used litigation to undermine tobacco control efforts in the Region. The litigation, especially from the SEAR, up to 2017, that have facilitated SLT control or have been used by the tobacco industry to challenge an SLT control policy decision were reviewed. Most of the litigation related to SLT control from the Region are on pictorial health warnings. Bhutan has imposed a complete prohibition on sale, manufacture and import of all kinds of tobacco products and the litigation there relates to the prosecution of offenders for violating the ban. Judiciary in the Region is well informed about the ill-effects of tobacco use and remains positive to tobacco control initiatives in the interest of public health. In India, several SLT-specific litigation helped in better regulation of SLT products in the country. Litigation has compelled governments for effective enforcement of the domestic tobacco control laws and the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Parties to the WHO FCTC must now use Treaty Article 19 to strengthen their legal procedures and make the tobacco industry liable, for both criminal and civil wrongs.
    背景与目标: : 诉诸诉讼和积极的司法干预是实现公共卫生目标的最有效工具之一。本审查设想汇编东南亚地区 (SEAR) 的诉讼和司法措施,同时评估其在推进无烟烟草 (SLT) 控制中的作用,并同样强调烟草业如何利用诉讼破坏该地区的烟草控制努力。审查了诉讼,特别是来自2017年的SEAR的诉讼,这些诉讼促进了SLT控制或被烟草业用来质疑SLT控制政策决定。该地区与SLT控制有关的大多数诉讼都是关于图片健康警告的。不丹完全禁止销售、制造和进口各种烟草制品,那里的诉讼涉及起诉违反禁令的罪犯。该地区的司法机构充分了解烟草使用的不良影响,并对出于公共卫生利益的烟草控制举措保持积极态度。在印度,几起针对SLT的诉讼有助于更好地监管该国的SLT产品。诉讼迫使各国政府有效执行国内烟草控制法和《世卫组织烟草控制框架公约》 (FCTC)。世卫组织烟草控制框架公约的缔约方现在必须使用条约第19条来加强其法律程序,并使烟草业对刑事和民事错误承担责任。

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录