• 【撞伤的环形分辨率 -- 一点公认的现象。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jcfm.2006.01.012 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hunt AC
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Three examples are given of contusions resolving to form a ring pattern which might lead to a mistaken conclusion of causation.
    背景与目标: : 给出了三个挫伤的例子,这些挫伤会形成一个环形图案,这可能会导致因果关系的错误结论。
  • 2 Oblivion Phenomenon in Science. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【科学中的遗忘现象。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1109/MPULS.2019.2958026 复制DOI
    作者列表:Valentinuzzi ME
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Recognition of true merits may not be a common virtue of the human being, as often achievements are either forgotten, not seen or just buried into oblivion. History of science has plenty of examples, occasionally tainted by endless and useless accusations or even lawsuits leading nowhere.
    背景与目标: : 承认真正的优点可能不是人类的共同美德,因为通常成就要么被遗忘,要么被遗忘,要么被遗忘。科学史有很多例子,偶尔会被无休止的无用指控甚至无路可走的诉讼所污染。
  • 【白内障手术后由于Heimann-Bielschowsky现象而出现复视和视神经振荡。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1136/bjo.2007.135624 复制DOI
    作者列表:Jeong SH,Oh YM,Hwang JM,Kim JS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon (HBP) refers to coarse vertical oscillation of the eye with impaired vision. The ocular movements are strictly monocular, occurring only in the eye with amblyopia. The vertical oscillation is of equal velocity in both vertical directions, or may sometimes be greater in the downward than upward direction. HBP develops several years after loss of vision. It can be differentiated from dissociated nystagmus in spasmus nutans, congenital nystagmus and internuclear ophthalmoplegia based on the strict unilaterality, vertical direction and low frequency. Previously, only a few reports described the development of oscillopsia due to HBP after cataract surgery, which resolved spontaneously or responded to gabapentin. However, visual impairments due to diplopia or oscillopsia from HBP after cataract surgery have received little attention. We report a man who developed persistent vertical diplopia and oscillopsia due to HBP after a cataract operation, which markedly impaired his vision.
    背景与目标: : Heimann-Bielschowsky现象 (HBP) 是指视力受损的眼睛的粗垂直振荡。眼球运动严格来说是单眼的,只发生在弱视眼。垂直振荡在两个垂直方向上的速度相等,或者有时在向下方向上大于向上方向。HBP在视力丧失后几年发展。根据严格的单侧性,垂直方向和低频,可以将其与分离的眼球震颤,先天性眼球震颤和核间眼肌麻痹区分开来。以前,只有少数报告描述了白内障手术后HBP引起的视神经振荡的发展,这种疾病自发消退或对加巴喷丁有反应。然而,白内障手术后因HBP引起的复视或视神经障碍引起的视力障碍很少受到关注。我们报告了一名男子,该男子在白内障手术后因HBP而出现持续性垂直复视和视神经振荡,这明显损害了他的视力。
  • 【ABC转运蛋白组氨酸通透酶的膜结合复合物的纯化和表征。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1023/a:1010797029183 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ames GF,Nikaido K,Wang IX,Liu PQ,Liu CE,Hu C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The bacterial histidine permease, an ABC transporter, from Salmonella typhimurium is composed of a membrane-bound complex, HisQMP2, comprising two hydrophobic subunits (HisQ and HisM), two copies of an ATP-hydrolyzing subunit, HisP, and a soluble receptor, HisJ. We describe the purification and characterization of HisQMP2 using a 6-histidines extension at the carboxy terminus of HisP [HisQMP2(his6)]. The purification is rapid and effective, giving a seven-fold purification with a yield of 85 and 98% purity. Two procedures are described differing in the detergent used (decanoylsucrose and octylglucoside, respectively) and in the presence of phospholipid. HisQMP2(his6) has ATPase and transport activities upon reconstitution into proteoliposomes (PLS). HisQMP2(his6) has a low level ATPase activity (intrinsic activity), which is stimulated to a different extent by the receptor--liganded and unliganded. Its pH optimum is 7.8-8.0, it requires a cation for activity and it displays cooperativity for ATP. The effect of various ATP analogs was analyzed. Determination of the molecular size of HisQMP2(his6) indicates that it is a monomer. The permeability properties of two kinds of reconstituted PLS preparations are described.
    背景与目标: : 来自鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的细菌组氨酸渗透酶 (ABC转运蛋白) 由膜结合复合物HisQMP2组成,该复合物包含两个疏水亚基 (HisQ和HisM),两个ATP水解亚基的拷贝,HisP和可溶性受体HisJ。我们描述了在HisP [HisQMP2(his6)] 的羧基末端使用6-组氨酸延伸来纯化和表征HisQMP2。纯化是快速和有效的,得到7倍纯化,产率为85和98% 纯度。描述了两种方法,它们在使用的洗涤剂 (分别是癸烷基蔗糖和辛基葡萄糖苷) 和磷脂存在下有所不同。HisQMP2(his6) 在重组为蛋白质脂质体 (PLS) 时具有atp酶和转运活性。HisQMP2(his6) 具有低水平的ATPase活性 (内在活性),其受到受体的不同程度的刺激-配体和未配体。它的最适pH为7.8-8.0,它需要活性阳离子,并且它显示出ATP的协同作用。分析了各种ATP类似物的作用。测定HisQMP2(his6) 的分子大小表明它是单体。描述了两种重构PLS制剂的渗透性。
  • 【[狼人动物-精神病理学现象的讨论]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1055/s-2001-13929 复制DOI
    作者列表:Garlipp P,Gödecke-Koch T,Haltenhof H,Dietrich DE
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The belief to be transformed into an animal is named Lycanthropy. "Zooanthropismus" is the German equivalent. Three case reports raised the question how this phenomenon, in our cases to be transformed into a frog, a bee or a wolf/dog, can be interpreted in a psychopathological and diagnostic regard. Is it pathognomonic for a special disease? With the three case reports and a survey of the literature this paper deals with Lycanthropy trying to put this perhaps neglected topic back into the focus of psychiatric interest and place it in psychopathology.
    背景与目标: : 被转化为动物的信念被命名为狼人。“Zooanthropismus” 是德语的等价物。三个案例报告提出了一个问题,在我们的案例中,如何将这种现象转化为青蛙,蜜蜂或狼/狗,可以从心理病理学和诊断角度来解释。是特殊疾病的病理性吗?通过三个病例报告和文献调查,本文涉及Lycanthropy,试图将这个可能被忽略的话题重新纳入精神病学的关注重点,并将其置于精神病理学中。
  • 【冠状动脉疾病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后,左回旋支冠状动脉可防止无复流现象。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00380-012-0281-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nagai T,Hirano T,Tsunoda M,Hosaka H,Kishino Y,Katayama T,Matsumura K,Miyagawa T,Kohsaka S,Anzai T,Fukuda K,Suzuki M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Despite the positive impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on reducing mortality, a small percentage of patients experience poor myocardial reperfusion following PCI. However, factors associated with no-reflow remain unclear. We investigated clinical factors associated with no-reflow following PCI for coronary artery disease (CAD). We retrospectively analyzed 1622 consecutive CAD patients who underwent PCI over a 5-year period at our institution. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 31) or absence (n = 1591) of no-reflow, defined as Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade <3 after PCI. No significant differences in patient characteristics or PCI strategy were seen between the no-reflow and normal flow groups. The incidence of no-reflow was significantly lower in the left circumflex artery (LCx) than in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (P = 0.0015), with no differences in characteristics or PCI strategy between these two target vessels. Multivariate analysis revealed that involvement of the LCx was an independent protective factor against no-reflow (odds ratio 0.14, 95 % confidence interval 0.02-0.98, P = 0.044). In conclusion, LCx as the target vessel was protective against no-reflow compared with LAD following PCI for CAD. Our results suggest that embolic protection devices may be unnecessary in CAD patients with involvement of LCx.
    背景与目标: : 尽管经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI) 对降低死亡率有积极影响,但仍有一小部分患者在PCI后经历了不良的心肌再灌注。然而,与无回流相关的因素仍不清楚。我们研究了与冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) PCI后无复流相关的临床因素。我们回顾性分析了在我们机构连续5年接受PCI治疗的1622例CAD患者。根据无复流的存在 (n = 31) 或不存在 (n = 1591) 将患者分为两组,定义为PCI后心肌梗死血流分级 <3的溶栓。在无复流组和正常血流组之间,患者特征或PCI策略没有显着差异。左旋支动脉 (LCx) 的无复流发生率明显低于左前降支动脉 (LAD) (P = 0.0015),这两个目标血管之间的特征或PCI策略没有差异。多变量分析显示,LCx的参与是防止无复流的独立保护因素 (比值比0.14,95% 置信区间0.02-0.98,P = 0.044)。总之,与CAD PCI后的LAD相比,LCx作为目标血管可防止无回流。我们的结果表明,在涉及LCx的CAD患者中,栓塞保护装置可能是不必要的。
  • 【[住院医生现象的含义]。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Lehmann F,Brunelle Y,Dawes M,Boulé R,Bergeron R
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of 2 different systems of hospital care by means of a literature review. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE:Many areas remain unclear because several of the studies are opportunistic and report only isolated experiences or simple before-after observations. Few studies are really experimental, and all were conducted in academic settings, which limits their validity outside these settings. MAIN MESSAGE:The evidence supports the use of hospitalists who devote a minimum of 2 months each year to hospital work and practice full-time on the wards. More often than not, costs are reduced and better education for residents is provided with the hospitalist system. An important point regarding quality of care is that mortality rates are similar with both systems. CONCLUSION:Some questions remain unanswered. For example, what is the best type of training for preparing residents for hospital work and what is the best way for physicians to maintain their skills in this area?
    背景与目标:
  • 【布鲁斯特现象的近端刺激等同于惠斯通的立体图。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1177/0301006616683478 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ono H,Lillakas L
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We examined Brewster's perceptual phenomenon that is produced by the same binocularly equivalent proximal stimulus as Wheatstone's stereogram. We then constructed and observed the perceptual effect created by another distal stimulus that also created an equivalent binocular proximal stimulus. All three stimulus situations produced the appearance of a tilted line in the median plane which is consistent with Hering's rule that the average of the two local signs and binocular eye position determine visual direction. The characteristics of the proximal stimulus are also relevant to the question raised by Helmholtz regarding the empirical vertical horopter.
    背景与目标: : 我们研究了布鲁斯特的感知现象,该现象是由与惠斯通的立体图相同的双区域等效的近端刺激产生的。然后,我们构建并观察了另一种远端刺激所产生的感知效应,该刺激也产生了等效的双眼近端刺激。所有这三种刺激情况都在中间平面中出现了一条倾斜线,这与Hering的规则一致,Hering的规则是两个局部符号的平均值和双目眼睛的位置决定了视觉方向。近端刺激的特征也与亥姆霍兹 (Helmholtz) 提出的有关经验垂直飞尺的问题有关。
  • 【亚得里亚海北部的粘液现象。对当前科学假设的批判性回顾。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI: 复制DOI
    作者列表:Degobbis D,Malej A,Umani SF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In the summers of 1988, 1989, and 1991 large quantities of sticky mucilaginous masses occurred in the Adriatic Sea, particularly in its northern part. The mucilage phenomenon has been studied by scientists during past events, but the previous scientific reports back to the thirties of this century. Great efforts have been made since 1988 to understand the nature of the phenomenon. Although remarkable scientific results have been achieved, many questions related to such a complex phenomenon have remained open. In this paper results and hypotheses related to the chemical and biological composition, causes, triggering mechanisms, and responsible organisms for the mucilage phenomenon are briefly reviewed. Finally, some suggestions for future researches are proposed.
    背景与目标: : 在1988年、1989和1991的夏季,亚得里亚海,特别是在其北部,发生了大量粘性粘液团。在过去的事件中,科学家已经研究了粘液现象,但是以前的科学报告可以追溯到本世纪的30年代。1988年为理解这一现象的本质做出了巨大努力。尽管已经取得了显著的科学成果,但与这种复杂现象有关的许多问题仍然悬而未决。本文简要回顾了与粘液现象的化学和生物组成,原因,触发机制以及负责生物有关的结果和假设。最后,对今后的研究提出了一些建议。
  • 【肝细胞特异性ATP结合盒 (ABC) 转运蛋白分析确定了小鼠脂质稳态的新候选者。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.021 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ye D,Hoekstra M,Out R,Meurs I,Kruijt JK,Hildebrand RB,Van Berkel TJ,Van Eck M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:ABC-transporters play an important role in lipid trafficking. Therefore, hepatic expression patterns of ABC-transporters involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS:RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of 38 ABC-transporters detected in livers of C57Bl/6 mice varied greatly. Although most ABC-transporters were ubiquitously expressed, some members displayed very restricted expression patterns, e.g. ABCA6, A8, B1, B8, B10, B11, C3, D2, and G5/G8 were exclusively (>99%) expressed in parenchymal cells. Interestingly, another 13 ABC-transporters, including ABCA4, A5, A9, A13, B2, B9, C1, C5, D3, D4, F2, G1, and G4 were primarily expressed in Kupffer cells. Although Kupffer cells only contribute to 2.5% of the total liver protein, these 13 genes did contain 9-27% of the total liver expression. Western-type diet feeding (0.25% cholesterol, 15% fat) induced the expression of several primarily Kupffer cell expressed genes, including ABCA5, B9, D3, and D4 (2 to 3-fold higher), whereas the other ABC-transporters were not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings underscore the importance of cellular localization for studying the regulation of key ABC-transporters in liver cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, several novel ABC-transporters, including ABCA5, B9, D3, and D4 were identified as putative novel candidates involved in liver macrophage cholesterol homeostasis.
    背景与目标:
  • 【von Hippel-Lindau病伴近乳头状视网膜毛细血管血管瘤和胡桃夹子现象一例。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s10792-012-9658-6 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yavaş GF,Okur N,Küsbeci T,Norman E,Inan Ü
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of this study was to evaluate a patient with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and to discuss the clinical manifestations. A 25-year-old woman presented to our clinic with blurred vision for 2 months. Best corrected visual acuity in right eye was 20/50, and fundoscopic examination revealed juxtapapillary endophytic retinal capillary hemangioma. Examination findings on left eye were normal. On optical coherence tomography, exudation was prominent on macula. History revealed cerebellar operation because of cerebellar hemangioblastoma. On abdominal ultrasonography, liver hemangiomas and pancreatic cysts were seen, confirmed by abdominal computerized tomography (CT). Abdominal CT imaging also revealed nutcracker phenomenon. Transthoracic echocardiography showed atrial septal aneurysm without shunt. The patient refused ocular treatment. At 3-month control, ophthalmic findings were the same. To our knowledge, this is the first case of VHL disease reported to be associated with nutcracker phenomenon and atrial septal aneurysm. Systemic evaluation and regular follow-up should be recommended to subjects with VHL disease.
    背景与目标: : 这项研究的目的是评估von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) 综合征患者并讨论其临床表现。一名25岁的妇女因视力模糊到我们的诊所就诊了2个月。20/50右眼最佳矫正视力,眼底镜检查发现乳头状内生性视网膜毛细血管血管瘤。左眼检查结果正常。在光学相干断层扫描中,黄斑上渗出明显。病史显示小脑手术是因为小脑血管母细胞瘤。在腹部超声检查中,通过腹部计算机断层扫描 (CT) 证实了肝血管瘤和胰腺囊肿。腹部CT成像也显示胡桃夹子现象。经胸超声心动图显示房间隔动脉瘤无分流。患者拒绝眼部治疗。在3个月的对照中,眼科检查结果相同。据我们所知,这是第一例与胡桃夹子现象和房间隔动脉瘤有关的VHL疾病。应建议对VHL疾病患者进行系统评估和定期随访。
  • 【非离子造影剂碘海醇引起的药疹。“类似召回现象” 出现在以前受带状疱疹影响的区域。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00163.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Matsumura T,Watanabe H,Batchelor J,Sueki H,Iijima M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :We report a case of "recall-like phenomenon" caused by nonionic contrast medium. A 62-year-old woman suffering from postherpetic neuralgia developed erythematous plaques 12 h after an intercostal nerve block under X-ray guidance using iohexol (Omnipaque) as contrast medium. The erythematous plaques were preferentially located in the sites where she had experienced herpes zoster 4 months previously. The lesions cleared spontaneously leaving no pigmentation. Both patch testing and intradermal testing with iohexol and ioversol were positive. We postulate that local immunological changes in the skin, such as an increased number and/or accelerated activity of Langerhans cells and mast cells in the herpes zoster lesions, were responsible for this phenomenon. This "recall-like phenomenon", occurring preferentially in skin previously affected by herpes zoster, could facilitate understanding of the pathology of drug eruptions.
    背景与目标: : 我们报告了一例由非离子造影剂引起的 “召回现象”。一名患有带状疱疹后神经痛的62岁妇女在x射线引导下使用碘海醇 (Omnipaque) 作为造影剂在肋间神经阻滞后12小时出现红斑。红斑斑块优先位于她4个月前经历过带状疱疹的部位。病变自发清除,没有色素沉着。碘海醇和ioversol的贴片测试和皮内测试均为阳性。我们假设皮肤的局部免疫学变化,例如带状疱疹病变中朗格汉斯细胞和肥大细胞的数量增加和/或活性加速,是造成这种现象的原因。这种 “类似召回的现象” 优先发生在先前受带状疱疹影响的皮肤中,可以促进对药疹病理的理解。
  • 【“Kohnstamm现象” 的脑相关性: fMRI研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.050 复制DOI
    作者列表:Duclos C,Roll R,Kavounoudias A,Roll JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This paper addresses the issue of the central correlates of the "Kohnstamm phenomenon", i.e. the long-lasting involuntary muscle contraction which develops after a prolonged isometric voluntary contraction. Although this phenomenon was described as early as 1915, the mechanisms underlying these post-effects are not yet understood. It was therefore proposed to investigate whether specific brain areas may be involved in the motor post-effects induced by either wrist muscle contraction or vibration using the fMRI method. For this purpose, experiments were carried out on the right wrist of 11 healthy subjects. Muscle activity (EMG) and regional cerebral blood flow were recorded during isometric voluntary muscle contraction and muscle vibration, as well as during the subsequent involuntary contractions (the post-effects) which occurred under both conditions. Brain activations were found to occur during the post-contraction and post-vibration periods, which were very similar under both conditions. Brain activation involved motor-related areas usually responsible for voluntary motor command (primary sensory and motor cortices, premotor cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus) and sensorimotor integration structures such as the posterior parietal cortex. Comparisons between the patterns of brain activation associated with the involuntary post-effects and those accompanying voluntary contraction showed that cerebellar vermis was activated during the post-effect periods whereas the supplementary motor area was activated only during the induction periods. Although post-effects originate from asymmetric proprioceptive inputs, they might also involve a central network where the motor and somatosensory areas and the cerebellum play a key role. In functional terms, they might result from the adaptive recalibration of the postural reference frame altered by the sustained proprioceptive inputs elicited by muscle contraction and vibration.
    背景与目标: : 本文讨论了 “Kohnstamm现象” 的中心相关性问题,即在长时间的等距自愿收缩后发展的长期非自愿肌肉收缩。尽管早在1915年就描述了这种现象,但尚不了解这些后效的机制。因此,建议使用fMRI方法研究特定的大脑区域是否可能参与腕部肌肉收缩或振动引起的运动后效应。为此,在11名健康受试者的右手腕上进行了实验。在等距自愿肌肉收缩和肌肉振动期间以及在两种情况下发生的随后的非自愿收缩 (后效) 期间记录了肌肉活动 (EMG) 和局部脑血流量。发现大脑激活发生在收缩后和振动后时期,在两种情况下都非常相似。大脑激活涉及通常负责自愿运动命令的运动相关区域 (主要感觉和运动皮层,运动前皮层,前扣带回和后扣带回) 和感觉运动整合结构,例如后顶叶皮层。与非自愿后效应相关的大脑激活模式与伴随自愿收缩的大脑激活模式之间的比较表明,小脑ver在后效应期间被激活,而辅助运动区仅在诱导期被激活。尽管后效应源于不对称的本体感受输入,但它们也可能涉及中央网络,其中运动和体感区域以及小脑起着关键作用。从功能上讲,它们可能是由于姿势参考系的适应性重新校准而导致的,该姿势参考系被肌肉收缩和振动引起的持续的本体感受输入所改变。
  • 【狗眼中的ABC转运蛋白及其对药物治疗的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.3109/02713683.2012.754903 复制DOI
    作者列表:Haritova AM,Krastev SZ,Santos RR,Schrickx JA,Fink-Gremmels J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: PURPOSE:The current study aims to quantifies the level of expression of selected adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters and the major drug metabolizing enzyme CYP450 3A12 in the eyes of dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The levels of expression were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in the cornea, conjunctiva and retinal tissue. RESULTS:ABCB1 mRNA is present at high levels in all analysed tissues. ABCC1, ABCC3 and ABCC4 are expressed predominantly in the conjunctiva and at very low levels in the cornea. ABCC2 could not be detected in any of the tissues. CYP3A12 expression was found in the retina and conjunctiva. CONCLUSION:These data are presented for the first time for ocular tissues of dogs of different breeds and a comparison with other species such as humans and rabbits demonstrated remarkable species differences, which might be of clinical relevance. The impact of these findings is discussed with reference to topical and systemic drug application in the treatment of ophthalmological diseases.
    背景与目标:
  • 【淋巴细胞刺激诱导DNA释放,这种现象类似于NETosis。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/sji.12592 复制DOI
    作者列表:Rocha Arrieta YC,Rojas M,Vasquez G,Lopez J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The release of DNA into the extracellular milieu by neutrophil during a process called NETosis has been postulated as an additional source of autoantigens; a process believed to be important in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not established if the B and T cells undergo the release of DNA to the extracellular milleu, in response to different stimuli. In this study, it was observed that the treatment of B and T cells with PMA, ionomycin and the serum from patients with SLE induced the extracellular DNA presence in B and T cells. These findings suggest that the phenomenon were similar to those observed in neutrophil's Etosis; B and T cells also released their DNA into the extracellular milieu. The findings express that serum from patients with SLE and SLEDAI ≤ 8 triggers the release of extracellular DNA in neutrophils, B and T cells, that suggested the presence of soluble factors in the serum that favoured this phenomenon.
    背景与目标: : 在称为neatosis的过程中,嗜中性粒细胞将DNA释放到细胞外环境中被认为是自身抗原的其他来源; 该过程被认为在某些自身免疫性疾病 (例如系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)) 的发病机理中很重要。但是,尚不确定b细胞和T细胞是否响应不同的刺激而将DNA释放到细胞外细胞。在这项研究中,观察到用PMA,离子霉素和SLE患者的血清处理B和T细胞会诱导B和T细胞中细胞外DNA的存在。这些发现表明,这种现象与在中性粒细胞Etosis中观察到的现象相似; B和T细胞也将其DNA释放到细胞外环境中。研究结果表明,SLE和SLEDAI ≤ 8患者的血清会触发中性粒细胞,B和T细胞中细胞外DNA的释放,这表明血清中存在可溶性因子,这有利于这种现象。

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