• 【GABA稳态有助于焦虑相关行为的发展规划。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Depino AM,Tsetsenis T,Gross C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :During development, when inhibitory and excitatory synapses are formed and refined, homeostatic mechanisms act to adjust inhibitory input in order to maintain neural activity within a normal range. As the brain matures, synaptogenesis slows and a relatively stable level of inhibition is achieved. Deficits in inhibitory neurotransmission are associated with increased anxiety-related behavior and drugs that potentiate GABA function, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, are effective anxiolytics. These observations raise the possibility that transient perturbations in the activity of neural circuits during development might induce compensatory changes in inhibition that could persist into adulthood and contribute to changes in anxiety-related behavior. To test this hypothesis, we treated mice continuously during the major period of forebrain synaptogenesis (P14-28) with the GABA-A receptor positive modulator diazepam and assessed anxiety-related behavior in adulthood. Control experiments confirmed anxiolytic effects of the drug following one day of treatment and the development of tolerance following two weeks of treatment. When tested in adulthood, one month after the end of treatment, diazepam-treated mice exhibited significantly increased behavioral inhibition in the open-field, elevated-plus maze, and novel object behavioral paradigms. Levels of benzodiazepine binding sites in amygdala and frontal cortex were specifically decreased in diazepam-treated mice demonstrating that homeostatic adjustments in GABA function persist into adulthood. Our results show that increased GABAergic activity can affect the developmental programming of anxiety-related behavior.
    背景与目标: : 在发育过程中,当形成和完善抑制性和兴奋性突触时,稳态机制会调节抑制性输入,以将神经活动维持在正常范围内。随着大脑的成熟,突触发生减慢,并达到相对稳定的抑制水平。抑制性神经传递的缺陷与焦虑相关行为的增加有关,增强大脑中主要的抑制性神经递质GABA功能的药物是有效的抗焦虑药。这些观察结果增加了以下可能性: 发育过程中神经回路活动的瞬时扰动可能会引起抑制的补偿性变化,这种变化可能会持续到成年并导致焦虑相关行为的变化。为了验证这一假设,我们在前脑突触发生 (P14-28) 的主要时期连续使用GABA-A受体阳性调节剂地西epa治疗小鼠,并评估成年期的焦虑相关行为。对照实验证实了药物在治疗一天后的抗焦虑作用,并在治疗两周后产生了耐受性。在成年后 (治疗结束后一个月) 进行测试时,用地西epa处理的小鼠在开阔视野,高架迷宫和新颖的对象行为范式中表现出明显增强的行为抑制作用。在地西epa治疗的小鼠中,杏仁核和额叶皮层中苯二氮卓类结合位点的水平特异性降低,表明GABA功能的稳态调节持续到成年。我们的结果表明,gaba能活性的增加会影响焦虑相关行为的发育程序。
  • 【P物质及其在控制学习,焦虑和功能恢复的神经机制中的作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1054/npep.2000.0824 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hasenöhrl RU,Souza-Silva MA,Nikolaus S,Tomaz C,Brandao ML,Schwarting RK,Huston JP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The neurokinin Substance P (SP) is widely distributed in the central nervous system and has been extensively studied in various functional aspects. This review focuses on the behavioral relevance of SP. Here we show that SP can have memory-promoting, reinforcing and anxiolytic-like effects when administered systemically or into the nucleus basalis of the ventral pallidum. These effects seem to be mediated via the SP-preferring NK(1)receptor and differentially related to N- versus C-terminal fragments of the undecapeptide. Secondly, SP injection into the ventral pallidum can lead to increases of acetylcholine in frontal cortex and dopamine in nucleus accumbens, suggesting that the hypermnestic, positively reinforcing and anxiolytic effects observed upon basal forebrain injection of SP are mediated by activation of the nucleus accumbens-ventral pallidum circuitry. Furthermore, SP and certain SP-fragments may not only be considered to have beneficial behavioral effects in normal animals, but can also prevent lesion-induced functional deficits and improve the speed of recovery. This indicates that SP agonists might also have a neuroprotective capacity in parallel with recovery-promoting actions.
    背景与目标: : 神经激肽p物质 (SP) 广泛分布在中枢神经系统中,并已在各个功能方面进行了广泛研究。本文的重点是SP的行为相关性。在这里,我们表明,SP在全身或腹侧苍白球的基底核中施用时,可以具有促进记忆,增强和抗焦虑的作用。这些作用似乎是通过SP优先的NK(1) 受体介导的,并且与十一肽的N端与C端片段有差异关系。其次,将SP注射到腹侧苍白球中会导致额叶皮质中的乙酰胆碱和伏隔核中的多巴胺增加,这表明在基底前脑注射SP时观察到的高记忆,积极增强和抗焦虑作用是由伏隔核的激活介导的-腹侧苍白球回路。此外,SP和某些SP片段不仅可以被认为在正常动物中具有有益的行为作用,而且还可以防止病变引起的功能缺陷并提高恢复速度。这表明SP激动剂也可能与促进恢复的作用同时具有神经保护能力。
  • 【焦虑症中人格障碍的合并症: 30年研究的荟萃分析。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.004 复制DOI
    作者列表:Friborg O,Martinussen M,Kaiser S,Overgård KT,Rosenvinge JH
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A comprehensive meta-analysis to identify the proportions of comorbid personality disorders (PD) across the major subtypes of anxiety disorders (AD) has not previously been published. METHODS:A literature search identified 125 empirical papers from the period 1980-2010 on patients with panic disorders, social phobia, generalised anxiety, obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several moderators were coded. RESULTS:The rate of any comorbid PD was high across all ADs, ranging from .35 for PTSD to .52 for OCD. Cluster C PDs occurred more than twice as often as cluster A or B PDs. Within cluster C the avoidant PD occurred most frequently, followed by the obsessive-compulsive and the dependent PD. PTSD showed the most heterogeneous clinical picture and social phobia was highly comorbid with avoidant PD. A range of moderators were examined, but most were non-significant or of small effects, except an early age of onset, which in social phobia increased the risk of an avoidant PD considerably. Gender or duration of an AD was not related to variation in PD comorbidity. LIMITATIONS:Blind rating of diagnoses was recorded from the papers as an indication of diagnostic validity. However, as too few studies reported it the validity of the comorbid estimates of PD was less strong. CONCLUSIONS:The findings provided support to several of the proposed changes in the forthcoming DSM-5. Further comorbidity studies are needed in view of the substantial changes in how PDs will be diagnosed in the DSM-5.
    背景与目标:
  • 【日本社区居民中Liebowitz社交焦虑量表的因子结构。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02381.x 复制DOI
    作者列表:Sugawara N,Yasui-Furukori N,Kaneda A,Sato Y,Tsuchimine S,Fujii A,Danjo K,Takahashi I,Matsuzaka M,Kaneko S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :This study examined the internal consistency and structural/construct validity of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) for community-dwelling subjects in Japan. A cross-sectional study that included 929 participants was conducted. Structural/construct validity was assessed on confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency reliability was good for the overall LSAS scale (α = 0.97) and for its original four factors (α = 0.92-0.89). The original four-factor model fit the observed data relatively better than alternative models. These findings indicate that the LSAS is a valid and reliable measure of anxiety symptoms for this community-dwelling population in Japan.
    背景与目标: : 这项研究检查了日本社区居民的Liebowitz社交焦虑量表 (LSAS) 的内部一致性和结构/结构效度。进行了一项包括929名参与者的横断面研究。通过验证性因素分析评估结构/结构效度。内部一致性可靠性对于整体LSAS量表 (α = 0.97) 及其原始的四个因素 (α = 0.92-0.89) 是良好的。原始的四因素模型比替代模型相对更好地拟合了观察到的数据。这些发现表明,LSAS是日本这一社区居民焦虑症状的有效且可靠的衡量标准。
  • 【人格特质与抑郁和焦虑有不同的关系: 对一个大样本的普通成年人应用双变量多元二元逻辑回归的证据。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.24869/psyd.2019.448 复制DOI
    作者列表:Nouri F,Feizi A,Keshteli AH,Roohafza H,Afshar H,Adibi P
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to explore the association of five factors personality traits, as predictor variables, with the anxiety and depression as joint dependent variables in an Iranian adult population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:A total of 3175 subjects living in Isfahan participated in this cross-sectional population-based study (SEPAHAN) and completed self-administered questionnaires about demographic, life style, gastrointestinal disorders, personality traits, social support, and psychological problems. Data was analyzed using bivariate multiple binary logistic regression in R Free statistical software. RESULTS:The results indicated high scores of neuroticisms increase the risk of anxiety and depression after adjustment for the potential confounders in total sample (OR (95% CI): 1.22 (1.19-1.24) and 1.19 (1.17-1.21), respectively) as well as in both male and female. In contrast, joint inverse associations were found between anxiety and depression with high extraversion (OR (95% CI): 0.90 (0.88-0.92) and 0.91 (0.89-0.92), respectively), agreeableness (0.93 (0.91-0.96) and 0.94 (0.92-0.96) respectively) and conscientiousness scores (0.95 (0.93-0.97) and 0.95 (0.94-0.97) respectively) as well as in both male and female. Furthermore, higher scores of openness had significant inverse association with depression in male. CONCLUSION:The present study indicated that higher scores of neuroticism, however lower extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness scores are risk factors for both anxiety and depression in Iranian adult population. It is suggested to perform family studies or twin and genetic association studies with considering combinations of personality traits (personality styles), and also measuring personality traits at the facet level.
    背景与目标:
  • 【我的性生活可以吗?性焦虑在儿童性虐待和对妇女的性胁迫之间的关联中的中介作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/10538712.2020.1774697 复制DOI
    作者列表:Girard M,Dugal C,Hébert M,Godbout N
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Empirical studies suggest that childhood sexual abuse is associated with sexual revictimization by a male romantic partner in female survivors. Yet, the potential mechanisms underlying this association remain understudied. Past studies indicated that women childhood sexual abuse survivors report more sexual anxiety, which in turn was linked to an increased risk of sustaining sexual coercion. The current study, conducted with a sample of 448 adult women from the community, aimed to examine sexual anxiety as a potential mechanism in the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion sustained by women in heterosexual romantic relationships. Results from path analyses confirmed the indirect effect of sexual anxiety in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion victimization. Findings indicated that childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher levels of sexual anxiety, which in turn, was linked to a higher frequency of sexual coercion experiences perpetrated by the romantic partner. This study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of sexual violence against women and provides an empirical basis to better inform prevention initiatives and guide future interventions.
    背景与目标: : 实证研究表明,儿童时期的性虐待与女性幸存者中男性浪漫伴侣的性伤害有关。然而,这种关联背后的潜在机制仍未得到充分研究。过去的研究表明,女性童年性虐待幸存者报告了更多的性焦虑,这反过来又与持续性胁迫的风险增加有关。当前的研究以来自社区的448名成年女性为样本,旨在研究性焦虑是儿童性虐待与异性恋浪漫关系中女性所遭受的性胁迫之间的潜在联系。路径分析的结果证实了性焦虑在儿童性虐待与性胁迫受害之间的间接影响。研究结果表明,儿童时期的性虐待与较高水平的性焦虑有关,而这又与浪漫伴侣进行的性胁迫经历的频率更高有关。这项研究有助于更好地了解对妇女的性暴力的决定因素,并为更好地为预防举措提供信息和指导未来的干预措施提供了经验基础。
  • 【无重大认知障碍的神经危重症患者及其家庭照顾者中,住院期间的弹性因素和焦虑对其纵向焦虑的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s12028-020-00913-7 复制DOI
    作者列表:Meyers EE,Presciutti A,Shaffer KM,Gates M,Lin A,Rosand J,Vranceanu AM
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Anxiety is common in patients experiencing neurocritical illness and their family caregivers. Resilience factors like mindfulness and coping skills may be protective against symptoms of emotional distress, including anxiety. Less is known about the interplay of anxiety symptoms and resilience factors between patients and caregivers. The purpose of this study is to examine the trajectory of anxiety symptoms among dyads of neurocritical care patients without major cognitive impairment and their family caregivers and to elucidate the relationship between resiliency (e.g., mindfulness and coping) and anxiety in these dyads. METHODS:Prospective, longitudinal study of adults admitted to the neurological intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU) and their caregivers. Dyads of patients (N = 102) and family caregivers (N = 103) completed self-report measures of mindfulness (Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised) and coping (Measure of Current Status-Part A) during Neuro-ICU hospitalization and anxiety symptoms (anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) during hospitalization and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. We used actor-partner interdependence modeling to predict the effect of one's own baseline characteristics on one's own and one's partner's future anxiety symptoms. RESULTS:Rates of clinically significant anxiety symptoms were 40% for patients and 42% for caregivers at baseline. Of these, 20% of patients and 23% of caregivers showed moderate and severe symptoms. Approximately, one-third of patients and caregivers reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, with more than 20% endorsing moderate or severe symptoms. Patients' own baseline mindfulness, coping, and anxiety symptoms were associated with lower anxiety symptoms at all time points (ps < 0.001)-this was also true for caregivers. For both patients and caregivers, one's own baseline mindfulness predicted their partner's anxiety symptoms 3 months later (p = 0.008), but not at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Anxiety symptoms in Neuro-ICU patient-caregiver dyads are high through 6 months following admission. Mindfulness is interdependent and protective against anxiety in dyads at 3-month but not 6-month follow-up. Early, dyad-based interventions may prevent the development of chronic anxiety in patients without major cognitive impairment and caregivers.
    背景与目标:
  • 【纠正: 疼痛、焦虑和抑郁会影响肌萎缩性侧索硬化症/运动神经元疾病患者的生活质量吗?一项调和以前相互矛盾的文献的全国性研究。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1007/s00415-020-09700-y 复制DOI
    作者列表:Edge R,Mills R,Tennant A,Diggle PJ,Young CA,TONiC study group.
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Oliver Hanemann name was incorrect in the in the acknowledgements section of this paper.
    背景与目标: : 这篇文章的原始版本不幸地包含了一个错误。在本文的 “致谢” 部分中,Oliver Hanemann的名字不正确。
  • 【与情绪和焦虑症的新兴成年人开始社区治疗相关的因素。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/eip.12920 复制DOI
    作者列表:Saunders H,Osuch E,Anderson K,Martin J,Kunnilathu A,John-Baptiste A
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: AIM:The First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program (FEMAP) is a community-based early intervention program that has been shown to improve health outcomes for emerging adults (EAs) with mood and anxiety disorders. However, not all EAs who are admitted to the program initiate treatment. Our aim was to identify factors that distinguish those who initiated treatment from those who did not. METHODS:FEMAP administered questionnaires to EAs upon first contact with the program, collecting information on a range of socioeconomic, patient and condition-related factors. We compared EAs who initiated treatment in the program (n = 318, 87.4%) to those who did not (n = 46, 12.6%). To examine factors associated with treatment initiation, we specified a parsimonious logistic regression model, using the method of purposeful selection to choose from a range of candidate variables. RESULTS:Anxiety Sensitivity Index - Revised (ASI-R), binge drinking and cannabis use were included in the final logistic regression model. Each one-point increment in the ASI-R score was associated with a 1% increase in the odds of treatment initiation (OR = 1.014; 95% CI [1.003, 1.026]). No other variable was significantly associated with treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS:Our study provides insight on the differences between EAs with mood and anxiety disorders who initiated targeted treatment services and those who did not. Anxiety sensitivity was significantly associated with treatment initiation at FEMAP. Our findings suggest that it may be anxiety sensitivity, rather than depression or functional impairment per se that drive treatment initiation among EAs.
    背景与目标:
  • 【平衡治疗可改善患有合并焦虑平衡障碍的儿童的焦虑并提高自尊。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.07.008 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bart O,Bar-Haim Y,Weizman E,Levin M,Sadeh A,Mintz M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Comorbidity between balance and anxiety disorders in adult population is a well-studied clinical entity. Children might be particularly prone to develop balance-anxiety comorbidity, but surprisingly they are practically neglected in this field of research. The consequence is that children are treated for what seems to be the primary disorder without noticing possible effects on the other disorder. In Study 1, children with balance dysfunction were compared to normally balanced controls on anxiety and self-esteem. In study 2, children with balance dysfunction were assigned to either balance training or a waiting-list control. Training consisted of 12 weekly sessions of balance treatment. Anxiety and self-esteem were tested before and after treatment/waiting. Study 1 confirmed significantly higher anxiety and lower self-esteem in the balance dysfunction group compared to the control group. Study 2 showed that treatment improved balance performance, reduced anxiety, and increased self-esteem relative to the control waiting list group. Taken together, the present findings are in accord with the observations of comorbidity between balance and anxiety disorders in adults and confirm their validity in children younger than 7 years of age. This profile of comorbidity between balance dysfunction and anxiety also include lower self-esteem.
    背景与目标: : 成人人群中平衡和焦虑症之间的合并症是一个经过充分研究的临床实体。儿童可能特别容易出现平衡焦虑共病,但令人惊讶的是,他们在这一研究领域实际上被忽视了。结果是,儿童接受了似乎是原发性疾病的治疗,却没有注意到对另一种疾病的可能影响。在研究1中,将平衡功能障碍的儿童与焦虑和自尊的正常平衡对照进行了比较。在研究2中,有平衡功能障碍的儿童被分配到平衡训练或等待名单控制中。培训包括每周12次平衡治疗。在治疗/等待之前和之后测试焦虑和自尊。研究1证实,与对照组相比,平衡功能障碍组的焦虑和自尊明显更高。研究2表明,相对于对照候补名单组,治疗改善了平衡表现,减少了焦虑,并提高了自尊心。总而言之,目前的发现与成年人平衡和焦虑症之间的合并症的观察结果一致,并证实了其在7岁以下儿童中的有效性。平衡功能障碍和焦虑之间的合并症特征还包括较低的自尊心。
  • 【真菌真菌病患者的精神病合并症,抑郁和焦虑水平以及生活质量。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1111/dth.13922 复制DOI
    作者列表:Engin B,Keçici AS,Uzun AÖ,Yalçın M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a chronic disease, causing serious morbidities and mortality. This study was designed to measure depression and anxiety levels in MF patients, and quality of life (QoL) assessments and to compare the results with controls. Fifty-two patients with a diagnosis of MF and 52 age and sex matching healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were administered to all patients and controls. Mean BAI and BDI scores of the patients with MF were significantly higher than controls. In case of the SF-36, general health perception, emotional, and social functioning scores were significantly lower in MF patients. Depression scores of the patients' were positively correlated with the age of disease onset and negatively correlated with physical functioning scores. Significant negative correlation was detected between eight subscales of the SF-36 and BDI and BAI scores. This study has demonstrated that there is significant impairment of QoL in MF patients MF, with higher anxiety and depression levels, when compared to control group. As the disease progresses, level of depression increases and patients' general health perception deteriorates.
    背景与目标: : 蕈样肉芽肿 (MF) 是一种慢性疾病,可引起严重的发病率和死亡率。这项研究旨在测量MF患者的抑郁和焦虑水平以及生活质量 (QoL) 评估,并将结果与对照组进行比较。本研究招募了52名诊断为MF的患者以及52名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者。对所有患者和对照组进行了贝克抑郁量表 (BDI),贝克焦虑量表 (BAI) 和36项简短健康调查 (SF-36)。MF患者的平均BAI和BDI评分明显高于对照组。在SF-36的情况下,MF患者的总体健康感知,情绪和社会功能评分明显较低。患者抑郁评分与发病年龄呈正相关,与躯体功能评分呈负相关。在SF-36的八个分量表与BDI和BAI评分之间检测到显着的负相关。这项研究表明,与对照组相比,MF患者的生活质量明显受损,焦虑和抑郁水平更高。随着疾病的发展,抑郁水平增加,患者的总体健康意识恶化。
  • 【4-壬基酚和4-叔辛基酚通过前额叶皮层5-HT受体和转运蛋白的交替诱导焦虑相关行为。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108701 复制DOI
    作者列表:Yang J,Huang Q,Liu H,Zhou X,Huang Z,Peng Q,Liu C
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Environmental endocrine disruptors 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) may cast huge harm to human health. We used a rat model to observe the influence of NP or/and OP exposure on anxiety-related behaviors and the underlying mechanisms. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: control group (corn oil), NP groups [30, 90, 270 mg/kg], OP groups [40, 120, 360 mg/kg] and NO groups [(mixed with the corresponding NP, OP alone exposed low, medium and high dose according to the natural environment exists NP:OP = 4:1]. The rats were orally administered every other day for 30 days. The neurobehaviors of rats were evaluated by open-field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze test (EPM), and the concentrations of 5-HT, monoamine oxidase (MAOA), serotonin transporter (SERT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VAMT2), 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A), 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A),and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2C) in the rat prefrontal cortex were analyzed by ELISA. OFT and EPM tests showed that NP or/and OP exposure induced anxiety-related behaviors in rats. 5-HT levels were significantly increased compared with the control group. The levels of MAOA, SERT, VAMT2, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C in the prefrontal cortex reduced in different degrees by high-doses NP or/and OP exposure. In summary, NP or/and OP exposure might cause anxiety-related behaviors in rats through regulating neurotransmitter 5-HT levels by altering the expression of 5-HT decomposition enzyme MAOA, transporters SERT and VMAT2, and 5-HT receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C.
    背景与目标: 环境内分泌干扰物4-壬基酚 (NP) 和4-叔辛基酚 (OP) 可能对人体健康造成巨大危害。我们使用大鼠模型观察NP或/和OP暴露对焦虑相关行为和潜在机制的影响。80只雄性Sprague-Dawley (SD) 大鼠随机分为10组: 对照组 (玉米油),NP组 [30、90、270 mg/kg],OP组 [40、120、360 mg/kg] 和NO组 [(与相应的NP,根据自然环境单独暴露低、中、高剂量的OP存在NP:OP = 4:1]。大鼠每隔一天口服给药30天。大鼠的神经行为通过野外试验 (OFT) 和升高迷宫试验 (EPM) 进行评估,5-HT,单胺氧化酶 (MAOA),5-羟色胺转运蛋白 (SERT),囊泡单胺转运蛋白2 (VAMT2),5-羟色胺1A (5-HT1A),5-羟色胺2A (5-HT2A),和5-羟色胺2C (5-HT2C) 在大鼠前额叶皮层进行ELISA分析。OFT和EPM测试表明,NP或/和OP暴露诱导大鼠焦虑相关行为。5-HT水平与对照组相比明显升高。MAOA,SERT,VAMT2,5-HT1A,5-HT2A,高剂量NP或/和OP暴露使前额叶皮层的5-HT2C有不同程度的降低。总之,NP或/和OP暴露可能通过改变5-HT分解酶MAOA,转运蛋白SERT和VMAT2的表达来调节神经递质5-HT水平,从而引起大鼠的焦虑相关行为,和5-HT受体5-HT1A,5-HT2A和5-HT2C。
  • 【晚年的焦虑症状和认知表现: 阿姆斯特丹纵向衰老研究的结果。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/13607860802224276 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bierman EJ,Comijs HC,Rijmen F,Jonker C,Beekman AT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:This study investigates whether, and if so how, anxiety symptoms are related to cognitive decline in elderly persons and whether anxiety symptoms precede cognitive decline. METHOD:Data were obtained from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Anxiety symptoms were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. General cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination, episodic memory with the Auditory Verbal Learning Test, fluid intelligence with the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and information processing speed with the coding task. Multilevel analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between anxiety symptoms and cognitive decline over 9 years, taking into account confounding variables. RESULTS:Although not consistent across all dimensions of cognitive functioning, a curvilinear effect of anxiety on cognitive performance was found. Furthermore, we found that previous measurement of anxiety symptoms were not predictive of cognitive decline at a later time-point. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that the effect of anxiety on cognition depends on the severity of the present anxiety symptoms with mild anxiety associated with better cognition, whereas more severe anxiety is associated with worse cognition. The effect of anxiety symptoms on cognitive functioning seems to be a temporary effect, anxiety is not predictive of cognitive decline.
    背景与目标:
  • 【与慢性食物限制相关的体育锻炼是否可以减轻雌性小鼠的焦虑行为?】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104807 复制DOI
    作者列表:Duriez P,Eddarkaoui S,Blum D,Dickson SL,Gorwood P,Tolle V,Viltart O
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss, persistent food restriction and inappropriate physical activity relative to declining energy balance. The comorbidity with depression and/or anxiety disorders might contribute to the "chronicization" of the disease. We aimed here to question first the link between physical activity and anxiety from a clinical investigation of AN patients (n = 206). Then, using a rodent model mimicking numerous physiological and metabolic alterations commonly seen in AN patients, we examined whether 1) chronic food restriction increased anxiety-like behaviour and 2) physical activity plays a role in regulating anxiety levels. To this end, we exposed young female mice to a chronic food restriction (FR, n = 8) paradigm combined or not with access to a running wheel (FRW, n = 8) for two weeks. The mice were compared to a group of mice fed ad libitum without (AL, n = 6) or with running wheel access (ALW, n = 8). We explored anxiety-like behaviour of all mice in the following tests: hyponeophagia, marble burying, elevated plus maze, open field, and the light and dark box. On the last day, we used a restraint test of 30 min duration and measured their stress reactivity by assaying plasma corticosterone. In the open field and the elevated plus-maze, we found that FRW mice behaved similarly to AL and ALW mice whereas FR mice did not express anxiety-like behaviour. The FRW mice displayed the lowest latency to reach the food in the hyponeophagia test. Regarding stress reactivity, FRW mice exhibited corticosterone reactivity after acute stress that was similar to the control mice, while FR mice did not fully return to basal corticosterone at one hour after the restraint stress. Taken together, these data demonstrate a differential reactivity to acute stress in FR conditions and a beneficial effect of running wheel activity in ALW and FRW conditions. Moreover, we report the absence of a typical anxiety-like behaviour associated with the food restriction (FR and FRW groups). We conclude that this model (FR and FRW mice) did not express typical anxiety-like behaviour, but that physical activity linked to food restriction improved coping strategies in an anxiogenic context.
    背景与目标: 神经性厌食症 (AN) 是一种饮食失调,其特征是过度减肥,持续的食物限制和相对于能量平衡下降的不适当的身体活动。与抑郁症和/或焦虑症的合并症可能会导致疾病的 “编年史”。我们的目的是首先从对患者 (n = 206) 的临床研究中质疑体育锻炼与焦虑之间的联系。然后,使用模仿患者中常见的许多生理和代谢变化的啮齿动物模型,我们检查了1) 慢性食物限制是否会增加类似焦虑的行为,以及2) 体育锻炼是否在调节焦虑水平中起作用。为此,我们将年轻的雌性小鼠暴露于慢性食物限制 (FR,n = 8) 范例中,或者不使用滚轮 (FRW,n = 8),持续两周。将小鼠与无 (AL,n = 6) 或有运行轮通道 (ALW,n = 8) 随意喂食的一组小鼠进行比较。我们在以下测试中探索了所有小鼠的焦虑样行为: 吞咽功能减退,大理石掩埋,高架加迷宫,开阔的田野以及明暗的盒子。在最后一天,我们进行了30分钟的约束测试,并通过测定血浆皮质酮来测量其应激反应性。在开阔的田野和高架迷宫中,我们发现FRW小鼠的行为与AL和ALW小鼠相似,而FR小鼠则不表达类似焦虑的行为。在低吞噬试验中,FRW小鼠显示出到达食物的最低潜伏期。关于应激反应性,FRW小鼠在急性应激后表现出与对照小鼠相似的皮质酮反应性,而FR小鼠在约束应激后一小时未完全恢复到基础皮质酮。总之,这些数据证明了FR条件下对急性应力的不同反应性,以及ALW和FRW条件下车轮活动的有益作用。此外,我们报告没有与食物限制相关的典型焦虑样行为 (FR和FRW组)。我们得出的结论是,该模型 (FR和FRW小鼠) 没有表达典型的焦虑样行为,但是与食物限制相关的体育锻炼改善了焦虑发生背景下的应对策略。
  • 【儿童焦虑症的应激反应性增强: 对未来心血管健康的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1017/S146114570100236X 复制DOI
    作者列表:Monk C,Kovelenko P,Ellman LM,Sloan RP,Bagiella E,Gorman JM,Pine DS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim was to clarify the developmental nature of associations between psychiatric illness and risk for cardiovascular disease by investigating differences in cardiac functioning between youth with anxiety disorders and healthy controls. Twenty-two children meeting DSM-IV criteria for either separation anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, panic disorder/panic attacks, or social phobia and 12 healthy controls underwent continuous electrocardiogram and respiration rate monitoring during a 15 min baseline period and 15 min of exposure to 5% CO(2). Heart rate (HR) and high frequency heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive measure of cardiac parasympathetic control, were calculated. Youth with anxiety disorders had higher and less fluctuating HR during baseline. Data also suggested that probands showed diminished overall changes in HRV during baseline and CO(2) inhalation relative to controls. However, as respiration rate affects HRV, these findings were confounded by changes in respiration elicited by CO(2) inhalation. The data suggest that youth with anxiety disorders experience an elevated and less fluctuating HR in the face of a novel situation, possibly due to a failure to appropriately modulate HRV. In adults, sustained elevations in HR in conjunction with deficient vagal modulation predicts risk for future cardiovascular disease. As such, the current data suggest that the presence of an anxiety disorder may identify youth who exhibit autonomic profiles that place them at risk for cardiac disease.
    背景与目标: : 目的是通过调查焦虑症青年与健康对照者之间心脏功能的差异,阐明精神疾病与心血管疾病风险之间关联的发展性质。22名符合dsm-iv标准的分离焦虑症,过度焦虑症,恐慌症/惊恐发作或社交恐惧症的儿童和12名健康对照者在15分钟的基线期和15分钟的暴露期间接受了连续心电图和呼吸频率监测5% CO(2)。计算了心率 (HR) 和高频心率变异性 (HRV),这是一种非侵入性的心脏副交感神经控制措施。焦虑症的青年在基线期间的HR波动较高,且波动较小。数据还表明,先证者显示,相对于对照组,基线和CO(2) 吸入期间HRV的总体变化减少。然而,由于呼吸速率会影响HRV,因此这些发现被CO(2) 吸入引起的呼吸变化所混淆。数据表明,面对新情况,患有焦虑症的年轻人的HR升高且波动较小,这可能是由于未能适当调节HRV所致。在成人中,HR的持续升高与迷走神经调节不足相结合可预测未来心血管疾病的风险。因此,当前的数据表明焦虑症的存在可能会识别出表现出自主神经特征的年轻人,这使他们有患心脏病的风险。

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