肿瘤
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Tumor 英 /'tju:mə(r)/ 美 /'tjʊmɚ/
释 义 n. 肿瘤;肿块;赘生物
例 句 Results: Nanotechnology has its giant advantage in diagnosis and treatment of tumor. 结果:纳米技术在肿瘤诊断与治疗中有着巨大优势。
Infiltrating /ɪn'fɪltret/
释 义 v. 渗透;浸润(infiltrate的ing形式);adj. 浸润的;浸润性的
例 句 Objective: To investigate the synergy effects of IL 2 and IL 4 on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from murine bladder carcinoma in vitro. 目的探讨白细胞介素(IL) 2与IL 4对膀胱癌肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)体外增殖及细胞毒性免疫调控的协同作用。
Dendritic 英 /den'drɪtɪk/ 美 /dɛn'drɪtɪk/
释 义 adj. 树枝状的;树状的
同根词 dendrite n. (神经的)[解剖] 树突;树枝石;模树石
例 句 "Dendritic" (treelike) immune cells send branches into the respiratory and digestive tracts, where they sample all the microbes we inhale or swallow. “树突状”(树状)免疫细胞将支脉送至我们吸入或者吞下微生物呼吸道和消化道对它们进行采样。
Cells
释 义 n. [细胞] 细胞;单元格(cell的复数);牢房;小屋;v. 住在牢房中(cell的三单形式)
例 句 We found some cells in your lymph nodes, in three of them. 我们在你的三个淋巴结里发现了一些细胞。
概述
概述
树突状细胞(DCs)是最具潜能的抗原提呈细胞,它能激活初始型T细胞,在启动抗瘤免疫应答中扮演着重要角色。1973年,Steinman和Cohn第一次从小鼠的淋巴器官中发现并分离出了树突状细胞。从此,树突状细胞一直受到免疫学界的关注。近年来,关于DC在肿瘤免疫中的作用引起了人们的注意,研究表明,肿瘤微环境中的免疫状态往往比外周血免疫功能更能确切反映宿主的抗瘤免疫状态。肿瘤浸润性树突状细胞(TIDCs)是功能低下或无功能的树突状细胞,肿瘤细胞分泌的免疫抑制因子对其表型特征的改变可能是致使其功能低下的原因。肿瘤浸润性树突状细胞反映了荷瘤宿主的抗瘤免疫能力,其浸润密度可能与肿瘤预后有关。所以,研究肿瘤灶局部的肿瘤浸润性树突状细胞有助于了解机体的抗瘤免疫功能和肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制,从而为研究DC介导的肿瘤免疫治疗开拓新思路。有研究表明,TIDC的特征性标记物CD83、CD1a的表达与预后相关,可以作为检测大肠癌预后的参考指标。
功能低下原因
浸润于肿瘤组织内的DC多不成熟或不活跃,其浸润数量与免疫反应的强弱并无必然相关性,所以重点研究领域是局部的DC的功能和活跃性上。研究发现,TIDC的功能与其特殊表型有关。成熟的DC表型特征是高表达MHC-I、II类分子,以及CD40、CD86等共刺激分子,并高表达黏附分子CD54。这些表面分子的参与是DC完成其抗原提呈功能所必需的。TIDC具有不同于成熟DC的表型特征,其表面分子如MHC-II类分子、CD40、CD86等均呈低表达或不表达,这可能是TIDC功能低下的原因。
意义
树突状细胞特别是肿瘤浸润树突状细胞在T细胞介导的免疫应答中发挥着重要的作用,并且经多方面实验证明其在体内外都可以诱导较强的抗瘤免疫反应,这为抗肿瘤免疫治疗带来了新的希望。DC介导的抗瘤免疫反应是一个非常复杂的过程,从微观和宏观两方面揭示其奥秘对人类肿瘤的治疗有重要意义。对TIDC的研究无疑是至关重要的,它必将推动整个抗瘤免疫研究的整体发展,为人类健康做出巨大贡献。为研究TIDC与癌症预后的关系,需要寻找TIDC特征性标志,增加TIDC计数的准确性,这也是该领域的研究重点。
Human Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells: From In Situ Visualization to High-Dimensional Analyses复制标题
人肿瘤浸润树突状细胞: 从原位可视化到高维分析
发表时间:2019-07-30
影响指数:6.2
作者: Margaux Hubert
期刊:Cancers
The interaction between tumor cells and the immune system is considered to be a dynamic process. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity owing to their outstanding T cell activation ability. Their functions and activities are broad ranged, triggering different mechanisms and responses to the DC subset. Several studies identified in situ human tumor-infiltrating DCs by immunostaining using a limited number of markers. However, considering the heterogeneity of DC subsets, the identification of each subtype present in the immune infiltrate is essential. To achieve this, studies initially relied on flow cytometry analyses to provide a precise characterization of tumor-associated DC subsets based on a combination of multiple markers. The concomitant development of advanced technologies, such as mass cytometry or complete transcriptome sequencing of a cell population or at a single cell level, has provided further details on previously identified populations, has unveiled previously unknown populations, and has finally led to the standardization of the DCs classification across tissues and species. Here, we review the evolution of tumor-associated DC description, from in situ visualization to their characterization with high-dimensional technologies, and the clinical use of these findings specifically focusing on the prognostic impact of DCs in cancers.
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