肾内泌尿
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
pentose 英 /'pentəʊz; -s/ 美 /'pɛntos/
释 义 n. [有化] 戊糖
例 句 Another aldonic acid, gluconic acid, is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.另一个重要的醛酸，葡萄糖酸是戊糖磷酸途径的中间产物。
phosphate 英 /ˈfɒsfeɪt/ 美 /ˈfɑːsfeɪt/
释 义 n. 磷酸盐；皮膜化成
例 句 Humans need a healthy diet and keeping the balance of phosphate in the diet may be important for a healthy life and longevity.研究人员表示：“人们需要健康的饮食，保持饮食中磷酸盐摄入的平衡可能对健康和长寿非常重要。
pathway 英 /ˈpɑːθweɪ/ 美 /ˈpæθweɪ/
释 义 n. 路，道；途径，路径；神经通路
例 句 What's changing along here is the what's changing along this pathway is the expression pattern of genes in cells.因此这里改变的是，在这条途径上改变的是基因表达的模式
概述
概述
戊糖磷酸途径是一种平行于糖酵解的代谢途径，它产生NADPH和戊糖（5-碳糖），以及核糖5-磷酸（核苷酸合成的前体）。虽然戊糖磷酸途径确实涉及葡萄糖的氧化，但其主要作用是合成代谢而非分解代谢。该途径在红细胞中尤其重要。该途径有两个不同的阶段：第一个是氧化相，在其中生成NADPH，第二个是5碳糖的非氧化合成。
作用机理
①氧化相：在此阶段，两个分子NADP +被还原成NADPH，从转化利用能量葡萄糖-6-磷酸成核酮糖5-磷酸。整个反应可以总结如下：
此过程的总体反应是：6磷酸葡萄糖+ 2 NADP+ + H2O→5磷酸核糖+ 2 NADPH + 2H++ CO2
②非氧化相：
净反应：3核糖5磷酸→1核糖5磷酸+ 2木酮糖5磷酸→2果糖6磷酸+甘油醛3磷酸
功能
6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性（非功能）水平的一些缺陷与地中海和非洲人后裔对疟原虫恶性疟原虫的抗性有关。这种抗性的基础可能是红细胞膜的减弱（红细胞是寄生虫的宿主细胞），以致其不能维持足够长的寄生生命周期以进行生产性生长。
复制标题结合代谢和转录谱确定脑缺血期间HSP27磷酸化的戊糖磷酸途径激活
发表时间：2017-05-04
影响指数：3.2
作者： Taichiro Imahori
期刊：Neuroscience
Stroke is estimated to be the second leading cause of death and the third most common cause of permanent disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke accounts for more than 90% of all strokes. However, the metabolic pathophysiology underlying ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. The development of high-throughput ‘‘omic” methods, such as transcriptomics, which permits the screening of large numbers of genes for involvement in biological processes, has provided powerful tools for addressing complex issues related to human health. Metabolome analyses using omics methods have recently been reported. In this context, mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have garnered the most attention because of their ability to simultaneously profile a large number of metabolites. These technologies provide comprehensive information on thousands of low molecular mass compounds (less than 2 kDa), including lipids, amino acids, peptides, nucleic acids, organic acids, vitamins, thiols and carbohydrates. Metabolomics renders the metabolic profile of a system and the end points of biological events and reflects the state of a cell or a group of cells at a given time point. Gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) is one of the wide-spread techniques that enables researchers to determine analyte masses with high precision and accuracy, such that peptides and metabolites can be unambiguously identified even in complex fluids.
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