骨科
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Medial 英 /ˈmiːdiəl/ 美 /ˈmiːdiəl/
释 义 adj. 中间的；平均的；普通的
n. [语]中间字母
同根词 medially adv.平均地，居中地；一般地；mediacy n.调解；中间状态；媒介；mediant n.中音；[数]中间数
例 句 Therefore, it is important to be able to inspect the medial aspect of the joint concerned during surgery.因此，在手术中检查关节的内侧是很重要的。
Malleolus 英 /mæ'liːələs/ 美 /mə'liələs/
释 义 n. [解剖]踝
复数 malleoli
同根词 distance n.距离
例 句 Then subluxate the talus and malleolus laterally to reach the joint surfaces.然后将距骨及内膘踝向外侧半脱位，显露关节面。
概述
概述
内踝是指脚部与腿胫骨和腓骨连接的踝关节附近内侧隆起的部位，双脚的脚内踝在人立正时可以靠近或贴近，双足内踝最偏中线的顶点称为内踝尖。
内踝常见病变
内踝处临床中最常见的疾病为骨折，踝关节骨折属于一种较为常见的骨折类型。 当合并内踝骨折时，会给患者的踝关节造成极为严重的影响，而且在病情较为严重的情况下，甚至可能导致患者丧失行走能力，对患者的生活质量以及身体健康均造成了严重影响。
手术方式
由于内踝骨折需要解剖复位，并且多合并外踝的骨折，所以首先应固定外踝，固定外踝后采用2枚长度为1mm的克氏针对复位内踝进行维持，并依次更换空心螺钉固定该位置，在该位置做一个长度为0.5cm的切口，将导针和攻丝拧入，加压骨块。在C型X线机透视辅助的作用下展开踝关节手法复位，手法复位过程中，应该与受伤方向相反的方向对骨块进行退压和移位，且根据不同的骨折类型采取不同的复位方法。
术后处理
术后常规给予抗生素治疗3d，同时予以消肿止痛等对症支持治疗，24~48h后拔除引流管。术后第2天行踝关节屈伸功能锻炼，术后早期抬高患肢并棉垫敷料加压包扎，术后2周拆线后下地非负重行走，术后6周部分负重行走，待影像学检查提示骨折愈合后才可完全负重活动行走。
复制标题通过中心DXA测量评估踝关节周围的外周DXA测量以诊断骨质疏松症
发表时间：2018-08-01
影响指数：1.5
作者： Ki Hyuk Sung
期刊：Skeletal Radiology
Osteoporosis is a common disease, particularly among elderly patients and postmenopausal women, and it is a major public health concern globally. Fractures associated with osteoporosis have been shown to cause considerable disability, loss of quality of life, and mortality. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, the limited availability and high cost of central DXA may limit access to it, especially in rural areas. Peripheral DXA is a convenient method of measuring skeletal BMD with some advantages over central DXA; it is portable and less expensive, and has a faster scanning time and lower radiation dose than central DXA. Peripheral BMD in the forearm and calcaneus have correlated well with central BMD measurements and can help predict the risk of fracture. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) noted that onethird (33%) of the radius regions of influence (ROI), measured by peripheral DXA devices, can be used for diagnosing osteoporosis and making therapeutic decisions if central DXA is unavailable.
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