骨科
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Bone 英 /bəʊn/ 美 /boʊn/
释 义 n. 骨；骨骼
vt. 剔去...的骨；施骨肥于
vi. 苦学；专心致志
n. (Bone)人名；(英)博恩；(法、西、罗、塞)博内；(老)奔
复数 bones过去式 boned过去分词 boned现在分词 boning第三人称单数 bones
同根词 bony adj.骨的；多骨的；瘦骨嶙峋的；似骨的；boned adj.骨骼的；去掉骨头的；用骨架撑起的；施过骨粉料的；去骨的；boneless adj.无骨的；boney n.瘦骨嶙峋的；多骨的
Boniness 英 /'bəʊnɪnɪs/
释 义 n. 多骨；憔悴；骨瘦如柴
例 句 They have to deduce from the shape of each bone what the muscles were like.他们必须从每块骨头的形状推断出肌肉的形状。
Metastases /mə'tæstəsɪs/
释 义 n. 转移（metastasis的复数）
例 句 Thus, invasion and metastases are the most reliable indicators.因此，浸润和转移才是最可靠的指标。
概述
概述
临床上骨骼往往是恶性肿瘤较为常见的转移部位，而转移性骨肿瘤会引起病理性骨折、疼痛、脊髓压迫等一系列的骨骼病变，对患者的生活质量产生影响，并威胁其生命安全。治疗转移性骨肿瘤的关键在于控制原发灶，并缓解疼痛。
流行病学
大多数的恶性肿瘤晚期患者都会出现骨转移，主要以前列腺癌、乳腺癌及肺癌为主。超过70%的晚期前列腺癌，超过55%的晚期乳腺癌、肺癌都会发生骨转移，其他常见的还有大肠癌、肾癌、胃癌、女性生殖系统癌症等。肿瘤细胞转移的部位往往发生于脊柱，其次为骨盆和下肢长骨，膝、肘关节等较为少见。
药物治疗
晚期癌症患者比较常见的伴随症状为癌痛，其中合并骨转移的癌症患者不仅骨折风险高，而且发生疼痛的可能性极大，患者的生存质量受到严重影响。控制癌痛的主要方式是药物治疗。强调个性化与规范化相结合是有效改善患者疼痛程度的关键所在。目前，奥施康定是中重度癌痛治疗药物的首选，具有良好的吸收性，较高的生物利用度，同时还具备双相吸收与释放的优点。
手术治疗
骨转移瘤一般发生在癌症晚期，引起疼痛、骨折、不稳定或脊柱神经损害等。此时需要放射治疗或介入治疗。经皮骨水泥成形术具有微创、可重复治疗等优势，可在控制骨痛、稳定骨骼结构等方面发挥重要作用。
复制标题18f-氟定量评估乳腺癌骨转移反应测量不确定度的相关性
发表时间：2019-02-07
影响指数：7.4
作者： Eric Laffon
期刊：Journal of Nuclear Medicine
We believe that using the same 25% or more increase to define PD (and, consequently, non-PD) for Ki as well as for both SUVmax and SUVmean should be questioned, since each of these quantitative parameters has its own measurement uncertainty (MU). This issue is not related to the fact that the 25% threshold was originally described for 18F-FDG and not 18F-fluoride, because MU of an arbitrary metrics is very likely close for several 18Flabeled tracers. In fact, MU of a quantitative parameter includes its repeatability, defined as the minimal relative change between 2 measurements assessed from 2 scans performed under changed conditions of measurement that is required to consider a significant difference (called ‘‘reproducibility’’ by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology). This definition clearly highlights its relevance for assessing treatment response in solid tumors. The repeatability magnitude for SUVmax and SUVmean assessed with 40% of the SUVmax thresholding method may be estimated to be 19.6 and 13.8% (95% confidence level), respectively, from previously published studies performed in lung cancer patients with 18F-FDG, illustrating that averaging leads to lowering MU.
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