骨科
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Osteochondroma /,ɔstiəkɔn'drəumə/
释义 n. [肿瘤] 骨软骨瘤
例句 Osteochondroma is a rare primary benign bone tumor that can occur in the sacrum. 骨软骨瘤是一种罕见的原发良性骨肿瘤,常发生在骶骨。
概述
概述
骨软骨瘤是一种常见良性骨肿瘤,最好发部位为股骨下端和胫骨上端等四肢长管状骨,指骨等短管状骨少见。
临床表现
患者多为无意中发现局部有一肿物,无疼痛及其他不适感,初期多未予重视及治疗。多数情况出现肿物缓慢生长,就诊近期出现较快增长,为进一步治疗至门诊检查。临床查体:四肢活动自如,肌力多为5级,病变区域肿胀,局部可触及肿物,质硬,活动性尚可,与皮肤无粘连,表皮无红肿,无静脉曲张。
诊断方法
众所周知,X 线检查跟CT 检查两者的基本成像原理是一致的,但是CT 检查相比X 线检查而言具有更显著的分辨能力。所以在研究结果当中,CT 检查相比于X 线检查具有更加显著的优势,也就是说可以将软骨帽以及周边软组织情况显示出来,促使诊断愈加的完整以及精确。在单发性骨软骨瘤的诊断过程中,联合使用X 线检查跟超声波检查可以取得很好的效果,相比于CT 检查具有更为显著的临床效果,并且还有更加安全、经济以及简便的检查优势,值得进一步推广使用。
治疗方法
患者都使用相应的切除手术,沿着骨长轴采纵形切口。严格依照检查结果来有效的避开重要的血管神经肌腱,同时避开分离包块等。以肿瘤基底部四周正常骨组织为基本出发点,将骨膜切开,仔细向外剥离骨膜。将正常的骨皮质凿断,之后再沿着其底层将松质骨凿断,最后将肿瘤整个切除掉,借此保证有效的切除肿物的软骨外膜以及软骨帽,并且连同周边一部分正常的骨膜跟正常的皮质骨等。在手术进行的过程中需要有效的防止遗留软骨帽碎片。
多发性骨软骨瘤的MicroRNA分析: 疾病特异性和正常软骨特征的鉴定
发表时间:2010-10-22
影响指数:4.1
作者: Zuntini M
期刊:Clin Genet
Multiple osteochondroma [MO (MIM #133700, #133701)] is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multiple projections of bone (osteochondromas). Even if considered a rare disease, MO represents one of the most common skeletal disorders. Osteochondromas arise at the external surface of bones formed by endochondral ossification, and consist of a cartilage cap covering a bony stalk which is continuous with the underlying bone; chondrocytes located in the cartilage cap have the same spatial organization as those in the metaphyseal growth plate and also undergo endochondral ossification. Osteochondromas are rarely present at birth and grow in number and size during childhood, until skeletal maturity of patient with the closure of growth plate. The most serious complication of this pathology is malignant transformation into peripheral chondrosarcoma, which is estimated to occur in 1–5% of patients.
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