骨科
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Kyphosis 英 /kaɪ'fəʊsɪs/ 美 /kaɪ'fosɪs/
释义 n. [外科] 驼背
例句 Theoretically, segmental fixation provides for additional fixation points that may in fracture reduction and kyphosis correction. 理论上来说，节段性固定提供了附加的固定点，可能有利于骨折还原及驼背矫正。
概述
概述
脊柱后凸是脊柱畸形中最为常见的一种症状，正常脊柱存在生理性的弯曲，形成的后凸角度较小，一般不超过50°，但在病理性脊柱后凸患者中这一角度则要＞60°，且呈不断增加的趋势。
病因学
非固定性畸形可在医生的被动活动或病人的主动活动时被矫正，包括姿势性驼背和代偿性脊柱后凸。固定性畸形多由其他疾病所导致，其中又分为脊柱弓状后凸（包括先天性脊柱后凸、瘫痪性脊柱后凸、年龄相关性驼背、佝偻病性驼背、强直性脊柱炎、多发性骨骺发育异常、原发性骨质疏松症、次发性骨骺骨软骨病、氟骨症和甲状旁腺功能亢进骨营养不良等，其中强直性脊柱炎临床中最多见）和脊柱角状后凸（包括先天性半椎体、脊柱结核破坏椎体、椎体压缩性骨折及脱位未能复位、椎体肿瘤、畸形性骨炎）。
诊断方法
除检查患者外观的明显后凸驼背畸形外，还应询问患者病史，以明确是何种类型的后凸畸形，保证合理的治疗方案；此外，详细的体格检查和影像学及心肺功能检查也必不可少。
治疗方式
1、保守治疗：①全身支持疗法（如加强营养等）；②病因治疗（如对活动期强直性脊柱炎，应给予中西药物治疗；对脊柱结核则须使用抗结核药物等）；③局部疗法：应采取有效方法预防脊柱后凸畸形的发生和发展，例如在强直性脊柱炎或脊柱结核患者卧床休息期间，宜仰卧或俯卧，不宜高枕，起床后可穿支具或石膏背心用于矫正。
2、手术治疗的适应证：①脊柱后凸角度＞40°，且保守治疗无效者；②不存在引起脊柱畸形的原发疾病者，或原发病已经得到控制和治疗者；③身体体征正常者，即身体其他关节活动正常，能够正常活动；④对于存在髋关节强直的患者，需要先进行髋关节治疗，待其功能正常后再治疗脊柱后凸；⑤青年人行矫正手术的指标较为宽松，手术危险因素较少。
Thoracic Kyphosis on Chest CT Scans Is Associated With Incident Vertebral Fractures in Smokers
复制标题
胸部ct扫描显示胸椎后凸畸形与吸烟者发生椎体骨折有关。
发表时间：2019-05-04
影响指数：5.7
作者： van Dort MJ
期刊：J Bone Miner Res
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by significant exposure to noxious particles and gases, most often tobacco smoking but also exposure to air pollution. It is characterized by chronic airflow limitation that is caused by a mixture of small airways disease (e.g. obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema). Although COPD is primarily a pulmonary disease, there are significant comorbidities and extrapulmonary effects, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, muscle wasting, and osteoporosis. The reported prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) is high among patients with COPD (9-79%) and we have recently shown that incident VF risk is high in COPD patients and (former) smokers without COPD with one or more prevalent VFs. Hyperkyphosis, an excessive increase in thoracic spinal curvature, is a common condition estimated to affect about 20-40% of the older population. However, since normal kyphosis is increasing with age, cutoff values defining hyperkyphosis are lacking. Although presence of VFs is often reported to be the main cause of increased kyphosis, more than half of the hyperkyphotic patients do not have VFs. Other possible causes can be Scheuermann’s disease, intervertebral disk degeneration, and muscle weakness.
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