骨科
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
intramuscular 英 /ˌɪntrəˈmʌskjələ(r)/ 美 /ˌɪntrəˈmʌskjələr/
释义 adj. 肌肉的；肌肉内的
例句 Is the move factor that inject uses intramuscular injection or hypodermic? 注射用的转移因子是肌肉注射还是皮下注射？
injection 英 /ɪnˈdʒekʃn/ 美 /ɪnˈdʒekʃn/
释义 n. 注射；注射剂；充血；射入轨道
例句 Can you tell me this drug should be administered by intravenous injection or dripping? 你可以告诉我这个药是经由静脉注射还是静脉滴注吗？
概述
概述
肌肉注射是一种常用的药物注射治疗方法，指将药液通过注射器注入肌肉组织内，达到治病的目的。人在诸多的情况下都会需要进行肌肉注射药物，用这样的方法来治疗疾病。但是需要注意的是肌肉注射有诸多注意事项，尤其是在进行臀部肌肉注射的时候，有很多需引起重视的地方。
基本要求
熟练掌握肌肉注射法目的、注射部位的定位方法；正确进行肌肉注射部位的定位，正确实施肌肉注射法，能够运用无痛注射技术；严格遵守无菌技术操作原则、注射原则，有严谨的工作态度。
操作方法
1、携用物至床旁，进行三查七对，向病员作好解释，解除顾虑，以取得合作。 2、准备好注射器，抽吸药液（同皮内注射法）。从安瓿内吸药液法：将安瓿尖端药液弹至体部，用砂轮在安瓿颈部划一痕，用0.5%碘酊棉签消毒颈部，折断安瓿，用注射器将针头斜面向下放入安瓿内的液面下，左手食、中指持住安瓿，拇、无名和小指握住针筒，右手拇、食和中指持活塞，吸净药液。
3、消毒皮肤：同皮内注射法。从棉签缸或棉签纸袋内取出棉签两根，夹于左手小指，再从小指里取出一根蘸碘酊消毒皮肤（直径大于5厘米）后，夹于左手无名指。
4、左手拇、食指分开皮肤，右手持针，以中指固定针栓，针头和注射部位呈直角，快速刺入肌肉内，进针约为2.5-3cm，消瘦者和病儿酌减。
5、松开左手，抽动活塞，如无回血，缓慢注入药液。注射完毕，以左手小指中的干棉签按压针眼处的同时快速拔针。
6、观察反应。清理用物，归还原处。
注意事项
切勿将针头全部刺入，以防针头从衔接处折断。一旦针头折断，保持局部及肢体不动，迅速用血管钳夹住断端拔出。如断端全部进入肌肉，则行手术取出 需要长期肌注的病人，注射部位要经常更换，以防局部形成硬结，若出现硬结，则可采取热水袋或热湿敷、理疗等处理。定位准确，避免损伤坐骨神经。最关键是两块一慢，即进针快，拔针快，推药慢，方能减轻痛感。
复制标题英国肌肉注射肉毒毒素治疗偏瘫肩痛的现状调查。
发表时间：2019-03-10
影响指数：2.1
作者： Holmes RJ
期刊：Disabil Rehabil
Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common complication following stroke ranging in incidence between 23% and 40% at 6 months, with a peak onset of 4 months. It is associated with an increased length of stay during inpatient rehabilitation and is an important predictor of poor functional outcome in the upper limb. It has been shown to be significantly associated with reduced quality of life at 12 months post-stroke, as well as impacting on a patient’s mood, activities of daily living, and participation in leisure activities to a great extent. HSP is thought to be multifactorial in causation, encompassing both neurological (of central or peripheral nature) and mechanical (traumatic and insidious) factors. Consequently, the range of available treatment modalities is vast with one exploratory study identifying 175 different therapeutic interventions under 13 themes. Roosink et al. recommend a multifactorial approach to treatment but to do this there needs to be a clear diagnostic process to identify the different aspects of HSP at play. Unfortunately, it remains unclear in the literature what the optimal treatment modalities for the various subtypes of HSP are and, in practice, linking the causation with the most effective intervention remains problematic.
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