神经
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
interferon 英 [ˌɪntəˈfɪərɒn] 美 [ˌɪntərˈfɪrɑːn]
释 义 n. [生化][药] 干扰素
短 语 Interferon IFN 干扰素
gamma interferon 干扰素;伽玛干扰素
alpha interferon 干扰素
例 句 We still use interferon but not that much. 我们也应用干扰素,但不是很多。
概述
概述
在两种病毒同时感染同一种细胞时,可发生一种病毒抑制另一种病毒复制的现象,称为病毒的于扰现象。干扰现象即为于扰素引起。干扰素是由病毒或其他干扰素诱生剂诱使人或动物细胞产生的一类糖蛋白,它具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤及免疫调节等多方面的生物活性。
适应证
主要用于治疗晚期毛细胞白血病、肾癌、黑色素瘤、Kaposi肉瘤、慢性粒细胞性白血病和中低度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其他曾用于骨肉瘤、乳腺癌,多发性骨髓瘤、头颈部癌和膀胱癌等。对慢性乙型、丙型肝炎也有效。
用法用量
用于病毒性感染和恶性肿瘤的全身治疗:每日100万~600万U静脉滴注;肌内或皮下注射α干扰素,100万~10亿U,每日1次,抗病毒感染疗程依病情而定,治疗恶性肿瘤,开始1个月每日1次,以后隔日1次,长期治疗;舌下含服α干扰素,每日200U,服药前后半小时内不能进食或饮水。治疗病毒性角膜炎可用滴眼剂滴眼,每日2~3次,每次2滴,间隔10分钟。
不良反应
一般毒性较低,不良反应少。肌内注射可见发热、头痛、肌痛、胃纳不佳等;静脉滴注可出现高热,呕吐、心率加快、血压不稳及肾功能损害。出现发热、寒战、畏寒、出汗、心动过速、头痛、肌痛、关节痛、全身倦怠感、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等流感样症状。白细胞减少、血小板减少、轻度贫血、血栓形成、凝血功能障碍、可逆性高三酰甘油血症、骨髓抑制引起厌食而使体重减轻和脱发。
禁用慎用
对干扰素有过敏史者,严重心、肝、肾功能不全者禁用。孕妇、哺乳期妇女慎用。
药物相互作用
与茶碱合用时,能抑制茶碱代谢而增加其血药浓度;能增加阿糖腺苷在体内的积蓄、血药浓度和毒性;干扰素引起的发热也能增加左旋沙可来新的细胞毒性;与阿糖腺苷合用治疗病毒性乙型肝炎,可减少干扰素用量,提高疗效,减少不良反应;与三氟胸腺嘧啶核苷合用,可加速疱疹性角膜炎愈合。麻醉药、催眠药、镇静药及茶碱阿糖腺苷与干扰素合用时应谨慎。泼尼松或其他皮质激素有降低干扰素生物活性的作用,应予注意。
免疫调节机制无环核苷磷酸治疗乙型肝炎病毒感染
发表时间:2019-09-17
影响指数:15.0
作者: Kazumoto Murata
期刊:Hepatology
Current treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) safely controls the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and improves prognosis in patients with HBV. However, the inability to completely clear HBV is problematic and novel therapies are desired. It has been believed that all NUCs have similar function to inhibit HBV reverse-transcriptase. However, our recent findings that only acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs; adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) had an additional effect of inducing interferon (IFN)-λ3 in the gastrointestinal tract suggests that ANPs are not only distinct in their structures but also in their functions from nucleoside analogs (lamivudine and entecavir). Since enteric lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cross the intestine and affect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we hypothesized that orally administered ANPs could have further additional effects to modulate LPS-mediated cytokine profile in PBMCs. This study showed that pretreatment of PBMCs, from either healthy volunteers or patients with HBV, with ANPs inhibited LPS-mediated interleukin (IL)-10 production, which reciprocally induced IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the combination of IFN-α and ANPs synergistically enhanced LPS-mediated IL-12p70 production in PBMCs.
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