神经
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
restless 英 [ˈrestləs] 美 ['rɛstləs]
释 义 adj. 焦躁不安的;不安宁的;得不到满足的
同根词 restive adj. 倔强的;难驾御的;不安宁的
restful adj. 宁静的;安静的;给人休息的
restlessly adv. 不安地;慌张地
restfully adv. 平安地;安静地
例 句 All the kids are restless because they have nothing to do. 因为无事可做所有的孩子也都烦燥不安。
leg 英 [leg] 美 [lɛɡ]
释 义 n. 腿;支柱
同根词 legged adj. 有腿的
leggy adj. 长腿的;茎长的;腿细长的
legless adj. 无腿的;醉醺醺的
例 句 Why do you climb up my leg ? 你怎么爬到我的腿上来了?
syndrome 英 ['sɪndrəʊm] 美 ['sɪndrəm]
释 义 n. [临床] 综合征;综合症状;并发症状;校验子;并发位
例 句 You think this guy has gulf war syndrome? 你认为这家伙有海湾战争综合症?
概述
概述
不安腿综合征(RLS)是一类慢性神经系统运动感觉障碍性疾病,主要的临床表现是睡眠或者安静时强烈的肢体活动欲望和感觉异常。RLS在国内中老年常见,虽然没有生命危险,但是RLS严重影响患者的睡眠,对患者的生活质量造成严重地损害。
发病原因
本综合征的发病原因及发病机制尚不十分清楚,现认为与神经、精神等多种因素有关,有人根据安静时发病及运动后症状可以缓解的特点,推测是与足部的血液循环障碍引起组织代谢产物的蓄积有关。另有人认为本综合征多见于贫血、糖尿病、酒精中毒以及维生素缺乏症等引起的末梢神经病变,所以推测与代谢障碍有关。中医认为本病系由邪客肌肤,淤滞脉络,或阴血亏虚,经络、肌肤失养所致。其病位主要在经络、肌肤,与心肝肾有关;其病性为本虚标实。
临床表现
①不安,休息时常走来走去,或不停地搓腿,躺在床上时常翻来覆去或摇动身体。
②感觉异常,在休息尤其清晨与夜间时大腿深部有爬行样不舒感,常为双侧受累,迫使患者要经常活动其两腿。
③睡眠中周期性腿动,为刻板地屈曲运动,在6 h的睡眠中至少发生40次以上的腿动。
④醒时的不自主腿动,在卧位或坐位休息时常发生下肢的不自主屈曲运动。
⑤睡眠障碍,由于感觉异常和腿动,常导致患者失眠。
⑥夜间加重,尽管白天休息时也可有异常、腿动和不安症状,但夜间有明显的加重趋势。
诊断标准
①因感觉异常、感觉减退不由自主地活动患肢。
②运动不宁。
③休息时发病或加重,活动后缓解。
④夜间入睡后症状加重。
检查
实验室常规检查正常。对于最近出现症状的患者,应检查血糖、血清铁、铁蛋白、叶酸、维生素B12、肌酐、促甲状腺激素等。神经系统无明显阳性发现,脑电图、肌电图检查正常。需与帕金森病及其他睡眠障碍和失眠相鉴别。
Neurological Sleep Disorders and Blood Pressure: Current Evidence复制标题
神经系统睡眠障碍与血压: 当前证据
发表时间:2019-09-03
影响指数:7.0
作者: Meghna P Mansukhani
期刊:Hypertension
Hypertension is a major determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is highly prevalent in the general population. While the relationship between sleep apnea and increased blood pressure has been well documented, less recognized is emerging evidence linking sleep-related movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movements of sleep and sleep-related bruxism with blood pressure (BP) dysregulation and hypertension. There is also recent literature linking narcolepsy-cataplexy with elevated BP and altered pressor responses, and there are data suggesting abnormal BP control in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. It is thought that neural circulatory mechanisms, sympathetic activation in particular, comprise the predominant mediator underlying elevated BP in these neurological sleep disorders. There is very limited evidence that treating these sleep disorders may be beneficial in lowering BP primarily because this question has received very little attention. In this review, we discuss the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying elevated BP in restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movements of sleep, sleep-related bruxism, narcolepsy-cataplexy, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. We also examine the relationship between these sleep disorders and elevated BP and the impact of treatment of these conditions on BP control.
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