神经
词汇介绍
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解析
brachial英 ['breɪkɪəl] 美 ['brekɪəl]
释 义 adj. 臂的,臂状的
同根词 brachium n. 肱;臂状部分或隆起
例 句 Aim To study the relationship of ankle brachial index, atherosclerosis and conventional riskfactors. 目的:了解踝臂指数与动脉硬化及其危险因素的关系。
plexus英 ['pleksəs] 美 ['plɛksəs]
释 义 n. (血管、淋巴管、神经等的)
例 句 The nerve in the lateral ligament was the part of rectal nerve plexus. 直肠侧韧带内存在的神经是直肠神经丛的组成部分。
neuritis英 [,njʊə'raɪtɪs] 美 [njʊ'raɪtɪs]
释 义 n. 神经炎
短 语 optic neuritis [眼科] 视神经炎
retrobulbar neuritis 球后视神经炎
diabetic neuritis 糖尿病性神经炎
例 句 Bell palsy (a type of neuritis) paralyzes the muscles of one side of the face. Muscular dystrophycauses paralysis by attacking muscle. 贝尔氏麻痹(神经炎的一种)引起面部一侧的肌肉瘫痪。肌营养不良侵袭肌肉也能导致瘫痪。
概述
概述
臂丛神经炎也称为Parsonage-Turer综合征,是由多种病因引起的发生在臂丛神经支配区的,以疼痛、肌无力和肌萎缩为主要表现的综合征,发病率较低。
病因
目前,很多诊断为臂丛神经病的病(诱)因尚不清楚,多数学者认为本病是由病毒引起的全身或局部的感染导致臂丛神经炎发作,有些学者将其归于一种变态反应性疾病,约15%的患者在发病前采用外源性血清或疫苗;而有的学者认为损伤可能是其主要病因。个别患者可有家族史。
临床表现
①本病多见于成年人,男性多于女性(男女比例约为11:l)。②急性或亚急性起病,患者在发病前2周左右常常有病毒感染的病史。早期多伴发热等全身症状。③突出临床表现是疼痛。疼痛首先在颈根部及锁骨上部,迅速向肩后部、上臂、前臂及手扩散④可有肌无力的症状,70%的患者有局部肌肉萎缩,部分患者受限于单个神经或多个神经支配的肌肉受累。
辅助检查
①脑脊液,多数正常,个别患者蛋白轻度增加。②血常规、血沉等检查正常。③颈椎、肩关节X线摄片无异常。④肌电图检查对确定受累神经有帮助。
治疗
①病因治疗;②神经营养治疗;③对症处理,本病最突出的症状是患臂疼痛,针对神经痛一般宜用综合性治疗;④恢复期治疗,伴有肌肉瘫痪的患者进行必要的患肢功能锻炼,辅以促进神经细胞代谢的药物,以及针灸、按摩、推拿等治疗,有利于疾病痊愈。
Clinical and pathophysiological concepts of neuralgic amyotrophy复制标题
神经痛性肌萎缩的临床和病理生理学概念
发表时间:2011-05-10
影响指数:21.2
作者: Nens van Alfen
期刊:Nat Rev Neurol
Neuralgic amyotrophy--also known as Parsonage-Turner syndrome or brachial plexus neuritis--is a distinct and painful peripheral neuropathy that causes episodes of multifocal paresis and sensory loss in a brachial plexus distribution with concomitant involvement of other PNS structures (such as the lumbosacral plexus or phrenic nerve) in a large number of patients. The phenotype can be limited or extensive and the amount of disability experienced also varies between patients, but many are left with residual disabilities that affect their ability to work and their everyday life. Both idiopathic and hereditary forms exist. The latter form is genetically heterogeneous, but in 55% of affected families, neuralgic amyotrophy is associated with a point mutation or duplication in the SEPT9 gene on chromosome 17q25. The disease is thought to result from an underlying genetic predisposition, a susceptibility to mechanical injury of the brachial plexus (possibly representing disturbance of the epineurial blood-nerve barrier), and an immune or autoimmune trigger for the attacks.
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