神经
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Iotrolan
释 义 碘曲仑
短 语 Iotrolan Injection 碘曲仑注射液
例 句 Comparison of Nephrotoxicity of Diatrizoate and Iotrolan in Diabetic Rats.
泛影葡胺和碘曲仑对糖尿病大鼠肾毒性的比较
概述
概述
碘曲仑是造影药的一种,主要用于椎管造影、脑室造影,以及各种瘘管、腔道造影。碘曲仑非离子型双聚体碘水造影剂。
药代动力学
本品口服后不吸收。血管内给药和鞘内给药的药代动力学特征与碘海醇相似。静脉给药后几乎均匀分布于细胞外液,24h尿排出率近100%;鞘内给药后,药物缓慢扩散至血液,血浆浓度平均为给药量的6%。1-2 h达高峰,t1/2为4 h,3d后90%从尿中排出,1%从粪便排出。
用法脊髓造影、脑室造影、脑池造影时对比剂的用量和浓度取决于X线设备,如能不搬动患者,即以各种所需体位投照,并能在透视监视下滴注,则碘浓度可取各下限,而用量较少,如脊髓造影时,需变动患者体位,由于流动,可使造影剂迅速被稀释,有损于影像清晰度,则需选用较高浓度。
不良反应
本品的不良反应极为轻微,偶尔可出现轻度头痛、恶心、呕吐,极少数可发生轻微的肌肉紧张或功能异常,这种症状的发生率并不高于单纯做腰椎穿刺的患者。
注意事项
①脊髓造影前应给足水分,纠正水、电解质紊乱倾向。对特殊病例,尤其是精神紧张者,肌内注射0.2 g苯巴比妥钠。使用细穿刺针,则不必麻醉,但应选用无精神作用的止吐剂。
②检查完后,尤其是高段脊髓造影,应令患者坐起数分钟,使造影剂尽快流至腰、骶区,其后至少卧床24 h,前6 h保持水平位,并将床头抬高15度。
③酗酒、吸烟者及有癫痫倾向者,术后应严密观察8 h。
④禁用于明显的甲状腺功能亢进、对碘过敏者。孕妇及盆腔炎患者禁做子宫输卵管造影。大脑痉挛性疾患为相对禁忌证。
Adverse skin reactions to iodinated x-ray contrast agents in healthy rats复制标题
碘化x线造影剂对健康大鼠皮肤的不良反应
发表时间:2014-12-01
影响指数:6.1
作者: Diana C Lenhard
期刊:Invest Radiol
PURPOSE:The aim of this preclinical study on healthy Sprague-Dawley rats was to determine whether differences exist in the induction of adverse skin reactions after the intravenous administration of a monomeric and 2 dimeric iodinated nonionic contrast agents.MATERIALS AND METHODS:After intravenous injection of iopromide (monomeric), iodixanol (dimeric), and iotrolan (dimeric) at a dose of 4 g iodine/kg of body weight, mechanical ear volume measurements (10 minute after injection) and intravital microscopy (baseline, 5 minutes after injection) of the ear with the near-infrared dye indocyanine green were performed to determine the volume change and plasma extravasation. Histopathological analysis (20 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours after injection) was performed to diagnose alterations in the skin. Blood plasma was analyzed to identify elevated levels of histamine (5 minutes after injection) and inflammatory markers (a multianalyte profile of 58 markers; 1 hour and 3 hours after injection).
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