内分泌
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
oxidative 英 /'ɒksɪdeɪtɪv/ 美 /,ɑksə'detɪv/
释 义 adj. [化学] 氧化的
同根词 oxidized adj. 被氧化的;生锈的
oxidation n. [化学] 氧化
oxidized v. 氧化;生锈(oxidize的过去分词)
oxidize vi. 氧化
oxidize vt. 使氧化;使生锈
例 句 Robertson: Oxidative stress is an accumulation of molecules that comes about because of chemical reactions, or stuff we ingest, things that get in our body.罗伯逊:氧化应激是一种由化学反应或我们摄取的东西—即被我们身体吸收的物质—造成的毒性分子堆积。
stress 英 /stress/ 美 /stress/
释 义 n. 压力;强调;紧张;重要性;重读
vt. 强调;使紧张;加压力于;用重音读
同根词 adj. stressful 紧张的;有压力的
n. stressor 紧张性刺激;光彩
例 句 The sadness, stress, pain, or anger is there whether you like it or not.不管你喜欢不喜欢,悲伤、压力、痛苦或愤怒都在那儿。
概述
概述
氧化应激反映了活性氧的系统表现与生物系统易于将活性中间体解毒或修复所造成的损害的能力之间的不平衡。细胞正常氧化还原状态的紊乱可通过产生过氧化物和自由基而引起毒性作用,这些过氧化物和自由基会破坏细胞的所有成分,包括蛋白质,脂质和DNA。氧化代谢产生的氧化应激会导致碱基损伤以及DNA链断裂。进一步,一些反应性氧化性物质作为氧化还原信号传导细胞信使。因此,氧化应激可导致细胞信号传导正常机制的破坏。
疾病相关
氧化应激被怀疑是在重要的神经变性疾病包括葛雷克氏病、帕金森氏病、阿尔茨海默氏病、亨廷顿氏病、抑郁症、孤独症和多发性硬化。通过监测生物标记物的间接证据,抗氧化剂防御作用表明氧化损伤可能与这些疾病的发病机制有关,而累积的氧化应激,线粒体呼吸和线粒体破坏均与阿尔茨海默氏病,帕金森氏病和其他神经退行性疾病有关。
氧化应激被认为与某些心血管疾病有关,因为血管内皮中LDL的氧化是斑块形成的先兆。氧化应激也与慢性疲劳综合症(ME / CFS)有关。氧化应激还会导致放射线和高氧后以及糖尿病中的组织损伤。
氧化应激可能与年龄相关的癌症发展有关。在氧化应激中产生的反应性物种可直接破坏DNA,因此具有诱变性,还可以抑制细胞凋亡并促进增殖,侵袭性和转移。
免疫系统通过使氧化物质的产生成为其杀死病原体机制的中心部分来利用氧化剂的致命作用。激活的吞噬细胞同时产生ROS和活性氮。其中包括超氧化物,一氧化氮(NO)以及它们特别具有反应性的产物过氧亚硝酸盐(ONOO-)。尽管在吞噬细胞的细胞毒性反应中使用这些高反应性化合物会损害宿主组织,但这些氧化剂的非特异性是一个优势,因为它们会破坏靶细胞的几乎每个部分。这可以防止病原体通过单个分子靶标的突变逃避免疫反应的这一部分。
氧化应激介导高咖啡因摄入诱导的斑马鱼焦虑样行为: α-生育酚的保护作用
发表时间:2019-10-01
影响指数:4.9
作者: Tayana Silva de Carvalho
期刊:Oxid Med Cell Longev
The broad effects of caffeine in CNS occur via nonspecific inhibition of adenosine receptors expressed either in neurons or in glial cells. As previously described, low doses of caffeine antagonize A2a adenosine receptors, promoting motor changes and anxiolytic-like behavior responses. On the other hand, it was also demonstrated that high doses of caffeine may induce anxiogenic-like behavior by unclear mechanisms. In addition, the effect of caffeine on other neurotransmitter systems has been previously described in the literature. It is well described that caffeine is able to modulate the extracellular levels of glutamate as well as to prevent oxidative stress in the brain. Although it is widely showed that glutamate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to neurobehavioral alterations, it remains unclear if brain oxidative stress represents a biochemical mechanism involved in anxiety-like behavior evoked by caffeine. Alpha-tocopherol is a chemical form of vitamin E which has potent antioxidant activity. As confirmed in previous studies, alpha-tocopherol possess high liposolubility and easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. This chemical property assures its effect on the CNS, even after a systemic administration. In case of alpha-tocopherol deficiency, increased anxietylike behavior was previously reported in experimental studies. Based on these evidences, it is reasonable to hypothesize that alpha-tocopherol can exert a neuroprotective role against the deleterious effects of caffeine on the CNS.
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