内分泌
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Strontium 英 /ˈstrɒntiəm; ˈstrɒnʃiəm/ 美 /ˈstrɑːntiəm,ˈstrɑːnʃiəm/
释 义 n. [化学] 锶
例 句 This paper described the determination of strontium in mineral water by flame atomic emission spectrometry in the emission mode of AAS. 本文介绍了用原子吸收光谱仪的发射方式火焰原子发射光谱法直接测定矿泉水中锶。
Ranelate
释 义 雷奈
例 句 A lot of animal experiments and clinical trials have proven that strontium ranelate not only can prevent bone absorption but also promote bone formation. 大量的动物实验和临床试验研究表明雷奈酸锶是一种既具有抗骨吸收，又能促进骨形成的药物。
概述
概述
雷奈酸锶，一个具有锶（II）盐的雷奈酸，可以减缓膝盖骨关节炎的病程。该药物是不寻常的，因为它既增加了成骨细胞对新骨的沉积，又减少了破骨细胞对骨的吸收。因此，它被推广为“双重作用的骨剂”（DABA）。
作用机理
锶的原子符号为Sr，原子序数为38，属于元素周期表中的第二族，仅次于钙。由于其核的大小与钙的大小几乎相同，因此人体很容易吸收锶，并将其掺入骨骼和牙釉质中以代替钙。雷奈酸锶是一种抗骨质疏松剂，可增加骨形成并减少骨吸收，从而导致骨转换平衡，有利于骨形成，这类似于胆碱稳定的原硅酸的作用。
雷奈酸锶刺激钙敏感受体并且导致预成骨细胞的分化为成骨细胞，这增加了骨形成。雷奈酸锶也能抑制RANK系统引起的破骨细胞形成的破骨细胞，从而刺激成骨细胞分泌骨保护素，使得骨吸收减少。
临床应用
雷奈酸锶已在70多个国家注册为处方药，用于治疗绝经后骨质疏松症，以减少椎骨和髋部骨折的风险。在美国，雷奈酸锶未经FDA批准，在英国，国家卫生局规定雷奈酸锶为治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的药物。
2000年开始进行2项主要的III期临床研究，即SOTI（脊柱骨质疏松症治疗干预）和TROPOS（治疗周围骨质疏松症），以研究雷奈酸锶在减少椎体骨折和周围骨折（包括髋部骨折）方面的功效。在2004年报告的3年结果中，雷奈酸锶与安慰剂组相比，椎骨骨折明显减少41％，髋部骨折减少36％。疗效持续了5年，5年的数据证实，无论骨质疏松症女性的危险因素如何，雷奈酸锶均可显着减少椎骨骨折。其中包括年龄（<70、70-80和> 80），骨矿物质密度（骨质疏松和骨质减少），普遍骨折，症状性骨折，体重指数和吸烟。雷奈酸锶显示了老人和骨质疏松患者防骨折的疗效。
不良反应
雷奈酸锶增加了静脉血栓栓塞，肺栓塞和严重心血管疾病（包括心肌梗塞）的风险，现在限制了它的使用。最常见的副作用包括恶心，腹泻，头痛和湿疹，但与安慰剂组相比仅增加2-4%。但是，大多数副作用在3个月内就消失了。据报道偶发性严重过敏反应包括皮疹，嗜酸性粒细胞增多和全身症状（DRESS综合征）。
禁忌症
雷奈酸锶禁用于对活性物质或任何赋形剂过敏的患者。不推荐用于严重肾病患者，由于缺乏数据，肌酐清除率低于30mL/ min时即不建议使用。建议对静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）风险增加的患者，包括有VTE病史的患者进行预防。建议对苯丙酮尿症患者进行预防，因为雷奈酸锶制剂中含有苯丙氨酸。
复制标题雷奈酸锶对雌激素缺乏和雌激素充足大鼠韧带诱导牙周炎的影响
发表时间：2019-09-20
影响指数：2.6
作者： Letícia Macedo Marins
期刊：J Periodontal Res
The destruction of the protective and supportive periodontal tissues during the course of periodontitis is a consequence of the interaction between pathogens and immunoinflammatory host responses. There is a continuous interest in identifying risk factors, such as lifestyles, systemic diseases, and medications, that can hinder or accelerate periodontal tissue destruction during periodontitis by modifying the periodontal microbial profile, host responses and/or alveolar bone metabolism. Estrogen deficiency appears naturally after menopause or as a result of early menopause or bilateral oophorectomies and has been identified as one of main causes of osteoporosis. The depletion of estrogen induces a significant imbalance in bone remodeling, with bone resorption exceeding bone formation. The main characteristics of osteoporosis are the reduction of bone mass and mineral contents, alterations in bone micro‐architecture, and increased risk of fractures. Due to the rising prevalence of osteoporosis, researchers and clinicians in the field of dentistry have focused on the study of the impact of osteoporosis on the different bone pathologies that affect the jawbones. In periodontics, clinical studies have suggested a positive association between the clinical and radiographic parameters of periodontitis and the parameters used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Studies in animals using ovariectomy‐induced estrogen deficiency models have shown that osteoporosis increases alveolar bone resorption in rats with and without ligature‐induced periodontitis. Currently, bisphosphonates are the most commonly used anti‐ resorptive agents for the treatment of osteoporosis; however, the initiation or continuation of bisphosphonate therapies has declined due to the risk of adverse effects including osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical fractures. Hence, there is an unceasing search for medications that can effectively treat osteopenia/osteoporosis, reducing the fracture risk at all skeletal sites, with minimal contraindications, maximum tolerability, and the best risk‐benefit balance. During the last decade, several reports have investigated strontium ranelate as an antiosteoporosis drug due to its promising physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features. When compared to other drugs, strontium ranelate has a very peculiar dual action on bone tissues that simultaneously stimulates osteoblast recruitment and activity while the number, activity, and lifespan of osteoclasts are reduced, resulting in both anabolic and anti‐resorptive actions.
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