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Metabolic bone disease

内分泌

关键词内分泌 疾病 代谢性疾病

词汇介绍

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解析

Metabolic   英 /ˌmetəˈbɒlɪk/   美 /ˌmetəˈbɑːlɪk/

释    义   adj. 变化的;新陈代谢的

例    句   The metabolic disorder might be caused by the lack of a certain enzyme.这个新陈代谢的失调也许是缺乏某一酵素造成的。

 

Bone   英 /bəʊn/   美 /boʊn/

释    义   n. 骨;骨骼

               vt. 剔去...的骨;施骨肥于

               vi. 苦学;专心致志

例    句   They have to deduce from the shape of each bone what the muscles were like.他们必须从每块骨头的形状来推断其肌肉是什么样的。

 

Disease   英 /dɪˈziːz/   美 /dɪˈziːz/

释    义   n. 病,[医] 疾病;弊病

               vt. 传染;使…有病

例    句   So, in each of us there are some preconditions for this disease. 因此,我们中的每一个人都获得这种疾病的一些先天条件。

概述

概述


代谢性骨骼疾病是一个统称,主要指影响身体骨骼强度并使骨骼变弱的多种疾病。这些疾病通常是由钙或磷,维生素D等矿物质含量异常或骨骼结构异常引起的。


原因


如前所述,这些疾病是由于矿物质或骨骼结构异常引起的,这些异常会导致疾病,如果根本原因已经治愈,这些疾病通常是可以治疗和逆转的。


临床症状


代谢性骨疾病的症状取决于潜在的疾病,如下所示:


骨质疏松症:在骨质疏松症的情况下,主要症状是骨骼非常脆弱,导致频繁的骨折,骨密度测定法通常可以识别出这种疾病。


佩吉特氏病:该病的主要症状是可见的骨骼和关节畸形。


骨软化症:这种疾病的主要症状是骨痛,虚弱,骨骼非常脆弱以及经常骨折。


诊断方法


在代谢性骨疾病中,常规病史和体格检查通常会发现非特异性的发现,因此需要进行进一步的研究以确定疾病的原因并制定治疗计划。以下影像学研究可能有助于识别代谢性骨疾病:普通X射线照片:这对于诊断骨折至关重要。在确诊患有骨质疏松症的人中,一开始就能发现的变化可能是楔形骨折或椎体高度下降。X线平片也可能提示骨质减少,这表明可以诊断出骨质疏松症。同位素骨扫描:这项研究将骨质疏松导致的椎体塌陷与恶性肿瘤区别开来。


治疗方法


为了治疗骨质疏松症和骨软化症,必须补充钙和维生素D。除此之外,双膦酸盐也可以增加骨量。佩吉特氏病需要密切监测,因为有时该病不需要任何治疗,但是在严重畸形的情况下可能需要进行外科手术。钙和维生素D补充剂是由治疗医师根据个人的病史和医疗状况设计的。

Metabolic bone disease risk factors strongly contributing to long bone and rib fractures during early infancy: A population register study复制标题

代谢性骨病危险因素对婴儿早期长骨和肋骨骨折的影响: 一项人口登记研究

发表时间:2018-12-19

影响指数:2.8

作者: Ulf Hogberg

期刊:PLoS One

Incidence of fractures during infancy (0–1 year) has been addressed as part of fractures during childhood. Compared to later childhood and adolescence, a lower incidence of fractures is found for infants, 80–326 per 100 000. One reason for this variation might be whether birthrelated fractures are included. Specific etiologies and risk factors for infant fractures have not been previously addressed. The most common cause of fractures during childhood is fall accidents, when Landin’s modified description of trauma level categories of light, moderate, and severe, is applied to define the understanding of clinically evident fractures. In a Swedish study, 8% of the traumatic events among children were either not classified or unknown. The hypothesis that some children might be at higher risk of fractures was raised by Landin, who reports that children having a low bone mineral content can obtain a fracture after a low-energy trauma. Bone strength and stiffness is lower during infancy, being lowest around 4–5 months, compared to adolescents and adults. During the first six months of life, density of the long bones decreases by 30%, in what is called “the physiological osteoporosis of infancy”, however, this is not accompanied by increased bone fragility. Metabolic bone disease includes both excessive bone resorption and impaired bone formation, resulting in reduction in bone mineral content caused by nutritional and biomedical factors. In early infancy, MBD is associated with prematurity, described in observational studies, hospital-based or case reports and reviews, as osteopenia/metabolic bone disease of prematurity or temporary brittle bone disease. MBD in preterm-born infants is described to be common between the 10th and 16th week and may range from a silent condition to multiple fractures, irrespective of level of trauma. For preterm-born infants, the fracture risk usually stops at the age of 6 months. Rickets and vitamin D deficiency are associated with bone fragility. Suggested risk factors include further maternal smoking, twinning, and small-for-gestational age. Potentially, maternal obesity and ethnicity could contribute to vitamin D deficiency and lower up-take of calcium and phosphorus.

译文

婴儿期(0-1岁)骨折的发生率已被视为儿童期骨折的一部分。与儿童后期和青春期相比,婴儿骨折的发生率较低,每10万人中80-326例。发生这种变化的原因之一可能是是否包括与出生有关的骨折。婴儿骨折的具体病因和危险因素以前尚未得到解决。儿童时期最常见的骨折原因是坠落事故,Landin对轻度,中度和重度创伤级别类别的修改描述被用于定义对临床上明显的骨折的理解。在瑞典的一项研究中,儿童中8%的创伤事件未分类或未知。 Landin提出了一些儿童可能发生骨折的较高风险的假设,他报告说,骨矿物质含量较低的儿童在低能量的创伤后可发生骨折。与青少年和成人相比,婴儿期的骨强度和刚度较低,在4-5个月左右最低。在生命的头六个月中,长骨的密度降低了30%,这就是所谓的“婴儿期的生理性骨质疏松症”,但这并没有伴随骨脆性的增加。代谢性骨疾病包括过度的骨吸收和受损的骨形成,导致营养和生物医学因素导致骨矿物质含量降低。婴儿期早期,MBD与早产有关,如观察性研究,医院或病例报告及评论中所述,MBD为早产的骨质疏松/代谢性骨病或暂时性脆性骨病。据报道,早产儿的MBD在第10周和第16周之间很常见,其范围从无声状态到多处骨折,与创伤程度无关。对于早产儿,骨折风险通常在6个月大时停止。病和维生素D缺乏与骨骼脆弱性有关。建议的危险因素包括进一步的孕妇吸烟,双胞胎和小胎龄。孕妇的肥胖和种族可能会导致维生素D缺乏症,并降低钙和磷的摄入量。

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