内分泌
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
sexual 英 /ˈsekʃuəl/ 美 /sɛkʃʊəl/
释 义 adj. 性的；性别的；有性的
同根词 sexually adv. 性别地；两性之间地
sexuality n. [胚] 性别；性欲；性征；性方面的事情
sexualise vt. 有性的特征；使有性别
例 句 Perhaps for the biblical writer, Adam and Eve's transformation occurs after an act of disobedience, not after a seven-day sexual encounter. 也许对圣经的作者来说，亚当和夏娃的变化,发生在违背上帝之后，而不是七天的性经验之后。
precocity 英 /prɪˈkɒsəti/ 美 /prɪˈkɑːsəti/
释 义 n. （人或植物等的）早熟
例 句 This not precocity, but be responsibility! 这并非早熟，而是责任！
概述
概述
在医学上，性早熟是异常早期发生的青春期。在大多数情况下，这个过程是除了不同寻常的青春期提前发生以外，其他各个方面正常。在少数具有性早熟的儿童中，早期发育是由诸如肿瘤或脑损伤之类的疾病触发的。即使没有疾病，青春期过早也会对社交行为和心理发展产生不良影响，并可能降低成年人身高潜力，并可能改变一些终身健康风险。中枢性性早熟可以通过抑制诱导性类固醇生成的垂体激素来治疗。
诊断
研究表明，女孩的乳房发育以及男孩和女孩的阴毛出现都比前几代人开始得早。因此，不再将9岁和10岁儿童的“早熟”视为异常，尤其是对于女孩。尽管它不被认为是异常的，但它可能使父母感到不安，并且可能对在心理上不成熟的时候但身体成熟的孩子有害。没有年龄能可靠地将儿童的正常过程和异常过程区分开来，但是以下评估年龄阈值被认为可以最大程度地降低错过重大医学问题的风险：男孩在出现阴毛或睾丸肿大之前的乳房发育；9.5岁之前出现男孩的阴毛或生殖器增大；女孩在8岁前的阴毛或乳房发育。
有时需要进行医学评估，以从大多数人中识别出少数进入早期状态但仍在医学上正常的情况严重的儿童。性早期发育值得评估，因为它可能：促使骨骼早日成熟，并最终降低成人身高。
治疗
一种可能的治疗方法是用阿那曲唑、组氨瑞林、曲普瑞林或亮丙瑞林，任何GnRH激动剂，也可以使用。非连续使用GnRH激动剂会刺激垂体释放促卵泡激素（FSH）和促黄体激素（LH）。但是，当定期使用GnRH激动剂时，FSH和LH的释放减少。长时间使用有引起骨质疏松症的风险。停止GnRH激动剂后，青春期变化会在3到12个月内恢复。
复制标题性早熟、青春期早期或身材矮小的促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗儿童体重指数的变化
发表时间：2019-08-15
影响指数：1.2
作者： Marisa Censani
期刊：J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are synthetic peptide analogs of hypothalamic GnRH used in children to suppress puberty. GnRHa are utilized, therefore, to treat central precocious puberty (CPP), which refers to pubertal development prior to 8 years for females and 9 years for males. GnRHa treatment has also been investigated for use in children to suppress the progression of puberty in children with early puberty (onset of puberty between 8 and 9 years for females or 9 and 10 years for males) or short stature at risk for short adult height, with the hopes of delaying skeletal maturation, allowing for adequate time for growth and ultimately improving final height. A relationship between GnRHa therapy and an increase in body mass index (BMI) has been previously described. However, the current literature on the effects of GnRHa on BMI is conflicting. In the 2009 consensus statement on the use of GnRHa in children, Carel etal. attempted to address these concerns. Four out of the 13 studies referenced showed an increase in BMI, two showed a decrease in BMI and seven showed no change. Additionally, most current data again reveal no clear consensus on the effects of GnRHa on BMI .Not only are the data conflicting, but the studies are also intrinsically limited by the various study designs, the heterogeneous patient populations included and the small number of study participants, who are primarily females. As obesity and related co-morbidities are rising in epidemic proportion in today’s pediatric population, it is important to better understand the impact of various therapies on BMI. Herein, we examined the effect of GnRHa therapy in children with CPP as well as those with early puberty and short stature. Additional goals were to identify factors that may influence weight gain in certain group of children so that the risks and benefits of GnRHa therapy can be better delineated.
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