呼吸
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
prednisolone /prɛd'nɪsə,lon/
释 义 n. 脱氢皮质醇，泼尼松龙（一种糖皮质激素）
例 句 The combination of prednisolone and azathioprine has only a minor effect, whereas the addition of ciclosporin attenuates protective antibody responses to influenza vaccination. 泼尼松龙和硫唑嘌呤联合应用的影响较小，而加用环孢素则减弱了针对流行性感冒接种的保护性抗体应答。
acetate 英 /'æsɪteɪt/ 美 /'æsɪtet/
释 义 n. [有化] 醋酸盐；醋酸纤维素及其制成的产品
同根词 adj. acetose 醋一样酸的；制造醋的；醋酸的
n. acetin [食品] 醋精；[生化] 乙酸甘油酯；甘油醋酸酯；acetum 醋；醋酸溶液
例 句 Rather than getting stored as fat, the main fate of alcohol is conversion into a substance called acetate. 酒精主要是转化为一种叫醋酸盐的物质，而不是作为脂肪储存。
概述
基本信息
品名 醋酸泼尼松龙片
化学式 C23H30O6
分子量 402.5 g/mol
结构式
作用机制
本品为肾上腺皮质激素类药物。具有抗炎、抗过敏和抑制免疫等多种药理作用。抗炎作用：糖皮质激素减轻和防止组织对炎症的反应，从而减轻炎症的表现。免疫抑制作用：防止或抑制细胞中介的免疫反应、延迟性的过敏反应，并减轻原发免疫反应的扩展。抗毒、抗休克作用：糖皮质激素能对抗细菌内毒素对机体的刺激反应，减轻细胞损伤，发挥保护机体的作用。
适应症
用于过敏性与自身免疫性炎症疾病，胶原性疾病。如风湿病、类风湿性关节炎、红斑狼疮、严重支气管哮喘、肾病综合症、血小板减少性紫癜、粒细胞减少症、急性淋巴性白血病、各种肾上腺皮质功能不足症、剥脱性皮炎、无疱疮神经性皮炎、类湿疹等。
不良反应
糖皮质激素在应用生理剂量替代治疗时无明显不良反应，不良反应多发生在应用药理剂量时，而且与疗程、剂量、用药种类、用法及给药途径等有密切关系。
常见不良反应有以下几类：
1、长程使用可引起以下副作用：医源性库欣综合症面容和体态、体重增加、下肢浮肿、紫纹、易出血倾向、创口愈合不良、痤疮、月经紊乱、肱或股骨头缺血性坏死、骨质疏松及骨折（包括脊椎压缩性骨折、长骨病理性骨折）、肌无力、肌萎缩、低血钾综合征、胃肠道刺激（恶心、呕吐）、胰腺炎、消化性溃疡或穿孔，儿童生长受到抑制、青光眼、白内障、良性颅内压升高综合征、糖耐量减退和糖尿病加重。
2、患者可出现精神症状：欣快感、激动、谵妄、不安、定向力障碍，也可表现为抑制。精神症状可出现在易发生与患慢性消耗性疾病的人及以往有过精神不正常者中。
3、并发感染为肾上腺皮质激素的主要不良反应。以真菌、结核菌、葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌和各种疱疹病毒为主。
4、糖皮质激素停药综合征。有时患者在停药后出现头晕、昏厥倾向、腹痛或背痛、低热、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、肌肉或关节疼痛、头疼、乏力、软弱，经仔细检查如能排除肾上腺皮质功能减退和原来疾病的复燃，则可考虑为对糖皮质激素的依赖综合征。
禁忌
对本品及甾体激素类药物过敏者禁用，以下疾病患者一般不宜使用，特殊情况下应权衡利弊使用，注意病情恶化的可能：严重的精神病（过去或现在）和癫痫，活动性消化性溃疡病，新近胃肠吻合手术，骨折，创伤修复期，角膜溃疡，肾上腺皮质机能亢进症，高血压，糖尿病，孕妇，抗菌药物不能控制的感染如水痘、麻疹、霉菌感染、较重的骨质疏松症等。
复制标题纸基分析装置与电化学检测联用测定掺假中药中地塞米松和泼尼松龙
发表时间：2019-10-31
影响指数：5.3
作者： Primpray Vitsarut
期刊：Anal. Chim. Acta
The adulteration of herbal medicines by dexamethasone or prednisolone is regarded as a serious problem in many communities. Herein, a novel platform for the separation and quantification of both target steroids in herbal medicines based on electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) has been created. The ePAD was composed of Whatman SG81 chromatography paper, 3D-printed devices and a commercial screen-printed electrode. Whatman SG81 silica-coated paper was used for the separation of dexamethasone and prednisolone based on the difference in their partition coefficients during the flow of the mobile phase. The optimal mobile phase was composed of 60% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane and required 7min for separation. The separated steroids on the paper were then quantified by electrochemical detection using differential pulse voltammetry, in which the 3D-printed devices facilitated the measurement. Analytical detection ranges of 10-500 mu g mL(-1) were obtained for both dexamethasone and prednisolone (r(2) =0.988 and 0.994, respectively). The limits of detection for dexamethasone and prednisolone were 3.59 and 11.98 mu g mL(-1), respectively, whereas the limits of quantification were 6.00 and 20.02 mu g mL(-1), respectively. The amounts of both target steroids derived from real herbal medicine samples determined by the proposed method were comparable to those obtained with assays using standard high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, a simple evaporation step can be used to increase the concentration of the samples before analysis. These ePADs are simple, low-cost, rapid, and very promising for on-site quantitative detection.
译文
