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词汇介绍
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解析
Asbestosis 英 /ˌæsbeˈstəʊsɪs/ 美 /ˌæzbesˈtoʊsɪs/
释 义 n. [医] 石棉肺；石棉沉滞症
同根词 asbestos adj.石棉的
asbestos n.石棉
例 句 Asbestos exposure is also responsible for other diseases, such as asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs), pleural plaques, thickening and effusions. 接触石棉也能引起其他疾病，如石棉肺（肺纤维化）、胸膜斑、胸膜增厚和胸腔积液。
概述
概述
石棉肺是长期吸入石棉粉尘所引起的胸膜和肺疾病，包括肺间质纤维化、胸膜纤维化和胸腔积液等。长期吸入石棉粉尘尚可引起胸膜间皮瘤、腹膜间皮瘤以及肺、喉和胃肠道肿瘤，但一般不将其归入石棉肺的范畴。
病因
石棉的化学成分为以不同比例混合的铁、镁、镍、钙、铝等的矽酸盐。在工作中长期接触石棉就有可能引起石棉肺。此外，近年来非职业性接触的危害亦受到重视。
病理
1.肺部病变：早期表现为间质性肺炎，以后逐渐出现肺间质纤维化，晚期可见大面积肺组织损毁和蜂窝状改变。在电镜差和位相差显微镜下可见石棉纤维。
2.膜病变：可见局限性或弥漫性胸膜纤维化，多为双侧。部分患者可有渗出性胸腔积液。
诊断
（一）临床表现
1.症状：①无自觉症状，仅有X线胸片异常。与矽肺相比，早期石棉肺有症状者较多。亦可在接触石棉粉尘10年以上方出现症状。②气短：常为最早出现的症状。③咳嗽：可为石棉肺本身的表现，亦可因患者长期吸烟所致。④胸痛：多为轻度钝痛。⑤发热、咳脓痰、偶有咯血，见于继发细菌感染时。
2.体征：体检常无异常，有时肺部有捻发音，或有干、湿啰音，晚期患者可有杵状指、发绀、肺心病表现，亦可有胸膜增厚或渗液的体征。
（二）特殊检查
石棉肺的诊断依赖于：①石棉接触史；②胸部X 线表现，与矽肺相同。
其他有意义的检查尚有：①肺功能检查：典型者见限制性通气功能障碍，弥散功能亦降低。若伴发慢性支气管炎、肺气肿则见混合性通气功能障碍。②血气分析：可见运动时低氧血症。
（三）鉴别诊断
1.其他原因所致尘肺：主要根据不同的粉尘接触史进行鉴别。
2.其他原因所致肺间质纤维化：根据综合病史、体检及其他有关资料进行鉴别。
并发症
肺癌、胸膜或腹膜间皮瘤、支气管扩张、肺气等。
Correlation of ultra-low dose chest CT findings with physiologic measures of asbestosis
复制标题
超低剂量胸部CT表现与石棉肺生理指标的相关性
发表时间：2019-08-22
影响指数：4.0
作者： Manners D
期刊：Eur Radiol
Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibres. Traditionally asbestosis was diagnosed by symptoms, occupational history and parenchymal changes (profusion) on plain chest x-ray. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is more sensitive than plain chest radiography (CXR) for detecting parenchymal changes of asbestosis but this involves higher dose radiation exposure. Recent advances in computed tomography (CT) technology with multislice and iterative reconstruction software has enabled CT acquisition at significantly lower radiation doses, termed low (radiation) dose CT (LDCT). The equivalence of LDCT to HRCT in detecting gross asbestos-related radiological changes has been previously described; however, the accuracy of LDCT to reliably demonstrate the features of ILD is not well established. Abnormalities in pulmonary function associated with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) of any cause include a restrictive spirometry pattern and reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) from alveolar unit loss. Reduced DLCO is an independent prognostic factor for poor outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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