呼吸
词汇介绍
拓展阅读
解析
Nikethamide /nɪ'kɛθəmɪd/
释 义 n. 可拉明;[药] 尼可刹米
例 句 To evaluate the clinical effects of nikethamide therapy on pulmonary tuberculosis induced respiratory failure. 评价尼可刹米治疗肺结核性呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。
概述
药物特征
尼可刹米选择性兴奋延髓呼吸中枢,使呼吸加深加快,也可作用于颈动脉体和主动脉体化学感受器,反射性地兴奋呼吸中枢,并提高呼吸中枢对CO2的敏感性,使呼吸加深加快。对血管运动中枢有微弱兴奋作用,剂量过大可引起惊厥。
体内过程
尼可刹米吸收好,起效快,作用时间短暂,一次静脉注射只能维持作用5~10分钟,进入体内后迅速分布至全身,在体内代谢为烟酰胺,然后再被甲基化为N-甲基烟酰胺,经尿液排出。
适应证
用于中枢性呼吸抑制及各种原因引起的呼吸抑制。
用法用量
皮下、肌内、静脉注射。具体用量如下:①成人:一次常用量 0.25~0.5g,必要时1-2小时重复用药,剂量一次1.25g。②6个月以下婴儿:一次常用量为75mg。③1岁儿童:一次常用量为0.125g。④4-7岁儿童:一次常用量为0.175g。
不良反应
常见面部刺激征、烦躁不安、抽搐、恶心、呕吐等。大剂量时可出现血压升高、心悸、恶心、呕吐、出汗、面部潮红、震颤、心律失常、惊厥、甚至昏迷。
禁忌证
抽搐及惊厥患者禁用。
药物相互作用
不宜与其他中枢兴奋药合用,因合用有协同作用,可引起惊厥。
注意事项
(1)作用时间短暂,应视病情间隔给药。
(2)运动员慎用。
NMR detection in biofluid extracts at sub-μM concentrations via para-H2 induced hyperpolarization复制标题
Para-H2超极化法检测亚微米浓度的体液提取液
发表时间:2016-06-20
影响指数:4.0
作者: Reile I
期刊:Analyst
In order to verify the repeatability as well as the quantitative character of the measurements, we applied the proposed method for the detection of non-endogenous derivatives of NA in urine. For this we selected N,N-diethyl nicotinamide (nikethamide, dENA), a respiratory stimulant that affects the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Abuse of dENA may also be detected by its metabolite N-ethyl nicotinamide (mENA), as neither occur endogenously. 23 Urine samples were spiked with both the compounds and subjected to the method herein. The result after the three layers of filtering described above is illustrated in the 1D spectrum in Fig. 4, in which NA, dENA and mENA each have one baseline resolved peak. The repeatability of the method was investigated by collecting urine samples from five individuals and spiking them to 2 μM of dENA and mENA. Good repeatability was found, as indicated by the RSD of 5.7% and 12.0% for dENA and mENA, respectively.
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