BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of training intervention and resting on protein expression and stability of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC1α), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), and mitochondrial proteins, and determine whether glucose homeostasis can be regulated through stable expression of these proteins after training. Rats swam daily for 3, 6, 9, 14, or 28 days, and then allowed to rest for 5 days post-training. Protein and mRNA levels were measured in the skeletal muscles of these rats. PPARβ was overexpressed and knocked down in myotubes in the skeletal muscle to investigate the effects of swimming training on various signaling cascades of PGC-1α transcription, insulin signaling, and glucose uptake. Exercise training (Ext) upregulated PPARβ, PGC-1α, GLUT4, and mitochondrial enzymes, including NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NUO), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1), citrate synthase (CS), and cytochrome c (Cyto C) in a time-dependent manner and promoted the protein stability of PPARβ, PGC-1α, GLUT4, NUO, CS, and Cyto C, such that they were significantly upregulated 5 days after training cessation. PPARβ overexpression increased the PGC-1α protein levels post-translation and improved insulin-induced signaling responsiveness and glucose uptake. The present results indicate that Ext promotes the protein stability of key mitochondria enzymes GLUT4, PGC-1α, and PPARβ even after Ext cessation.
背景与目标:
: 本研究旨在研究训练干预和静息对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 β/δ (ppar β),过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活物1-α (PGC1α),葡萄糖转运蛋白4 (GLUT4) 和线粒体蛋白的表达和稳定性的长期影响,并确定在训练后这些蛋白质的稳定表达是否可以调节葡萄糖稳态。大鼠每天游泳3、6、9、14或28天,然后在训练后休息5天。在这些大鼠的骨骼肌中测量了蛋白质和mRNA水平。Ppar β 在骨骼肌的肌管中过表达并被击倒,以研究游泳训练对PGC-1α 转录,胰岛素信号传导和葡萄糖摄取的各种信号级联的影响。运动训练 (Ext) 上调ppar β,PGC-1α,GLUT4和线粒体酶,包括NADH-泛醌氧化还原酶 (NUO),细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (COX1),柠檬酸合酶 (CS),和细胞色素c (Cyto C) 以时间依赖性方式促进了ppar β,PGC-1α,GLUT4,NUO,CS和Cyto C的蛋白质稳定性,因此它们在训练停止后5天显着上调。Ppar β 过表达增加了翻译后PGC-1α 蛋白水平,并改善了胰岛素诱导的信号反应性和葡萄糖摄取。本结果表明,即使在Ext停止后,Ext仍可促进关键线粒体酶GLUT4,PGC-1α 和ppar β 的蛋白质稳定性。