• 【具有NMDA拮抗剂活性的天然衍生肽抑制神经病理性疼痛。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00183-2 复制DOI
    作者列表:Siegan JB,Hama AT,Sagen J
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Chronic pain may result from hyperexcitability following activation of spinal NMDA receptors. A naturally-derived mammalian peptide, histogranin, may possess NMDA antagonist activity. This study explored the possibility that stable analog [Ser1]Histogranin (SHG) could reduce chronic pain. Neuropathic pain was induced using the chronic constriction injury model (CCI). Intrathecal injection of SHG markedly attenuated the hyperalgesia and allodynia resulting from CCI, nearly normalizing responses. These results suggest that the natural peptide histogranin may be a novel adjunct in neuropathic pain management.
    背景与目标: : 脊髓NMDA受体激活后过度兴奋可能导致慢性疼痛。天然衍生的哺乳动物肽组织蛋白可能具有NMDA拮抗剂活性。这项研究探讨了稳定的类似物 [Ser1] 组织蛋白 (SHG) 可以减轻慢性疼痛的可能性。使用慢性收缩损伤模型 (CCI) 诱发神经病理性疼痛。鞘内注射SHG可显着减轻由CCI引起的痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛,几乎使反应正常化。这些结果表明,天然肽组织粒蛋白可能是神经性疼痛管理的新型辅助手段。
  • 【等长肌力的历史依赖性: 先前拉伸或缩短振幅的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.06.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Bullimore SR,Leonard TR,Rassier DE,Herzog W
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :It is well-recognised that steady-state isometric muscle force is decreased following active shortening (force depression, FD) and increased following active stretch (force enhancement, FE). It has also been demonstrated that passive muscle force is increased following active stretch (passive FE). Several studies have reported that FD increases with shortening amplitude and that FE and passive FE increase with stretch amplitude. Here, we investigate whether these trends continue with further increases in shortening or stretch amplitude. Experiments were performed using in situ cat soleus muscles (n=8 for FD; n=7 for FE and passive FE). FD, FE and passive FE were measured after shortening or stretch contractions that covered as wide a range of amplitudes as practically possible without damaging the muscles. FD increased approximately linearly with shortening amplitude, over the full range of amplitudes investigated. This is consistent with the hypothesis that FD arises from a stress-induced inhibition of crossbridges. FE increased with stretch amplitude only up to a point, and then levelled off. Passive FE, and the transient increase in force at the end of stretch, showed relationships to stretch amplitude that were qualitatively very similar to the relationship for FE, increasing only until the same critical stretch amplitude had been reached. We conclude that FE and passive FE do not increase with stretch amplitude under all circumstances. This finding has important consequences for determining the mechanisms underlying FE and passive FE because any mechanism that is proposed to explain them must be able to predict it.
    背景与目标: : 众所周知,主动缩短 (力降低,FD) 后,稳态等距肌肉力降低,主动拉伸 (力增强,FE) 后,稳态等距肌肉力增加。还已证明,主动拉伸 (被动FE) 后,被动肌肉力量会增加。一些研究报告说,FD随缩短幅度而增加,FE和被动FE随拉伸幅度而增加。在这里,我们研究这些趋势是否随着缩短或拉伸幅度的进一步增加而继续。使用原位猫比目鱼肌进行实验 (FD为n = 8; FE和被动FE为n = 7)。在缩短或拉伸收缩后测量FD,FE和被动FE,这些收缩实际上覆盖了尽可能宽的振幅范围,而不会损坏肌肉。在所研究的整个振幅范围内,FD随振幅的缩短而近似线性增加。这与FD由应力诱导的交叉桥抑制引起的假设是一致的。FE仅随拉伸幅度增加到一个点,然后趋于平稳。被动FE和拉伸结束时的瞬时力增加显示出与拉伸幅度的关系,在质量上与FE的关系非常相似,仅在达到相同的临界拉伸幅度之前才增加。我们得出的结论是,在所有情况下,FE和被动FE都不会随拉伸幅度而增加。这一发现对于确定FE和被动FE的潜在机制具有重要的影响,因为提出的任何解释它们的机制都必须能够预测它。
  • 【血管紧张素II激活动脉平滑肌细胞中的中间电导Ca2激活的K通道。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.07.010 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hayabuchi Y,Nakaya Y,Yasui S,Mawatari K,Mori K,Suzuki M,Kagami S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Angiostensin II (Ang II) regulates the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies indicate that intermediate-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (IKca) channels have an important role in cell migration and proliferation. It is not known, however, whether the action of Ang II is linked to IKca channel regulation. Here, we investigated the modulation of IKca channels by Ang II in artery smooth muscle cells. Functional IKca channel expression in cultured embryonic rat aorta smooth muscle (A10) cells was studied using the patch-clamp technique. These cells predominantly express IKca channels. In contrast, large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BKca) currents were rarely observed in excised patches. Ang II increased the IKca current in a contration-dependent manner. Losartan (1.0 microM), an AT1 selective antagonist, abolished the activation of IKca channels by Ang II. Pretreatment with 100 microM myristoylated protein kinase C inhibitor peptide 20-28 or 10 microM GF109203X completely abolished the AngII-induced activation of IKca currents, whereas the action of Ang II was not prevented in the presence of 100 microM Rp-cyclic 3', 5'-hydrogen phosphotiate adenosine triethylammonium, a protein kinase A inhibitor, or 1.0 microM KT-5823, a protein kinase G inhibitor. A membrane permeant analogue of diacylglycerol 1, 2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (10 microM) induced the activation of IKca currents. These data suggest that Ang II activates IKca channels through the activation of protein kinase C, and the AT1 receptor is involved in the regulation of these channels.
    背景与目标: : Angiostensin II (Ang II) 调节血管平滑肌细胞的迁移和增殖。最近的研究表明,中间电导Ca2激活的K (IKca) 通道在细胞迁移和增殖中起重要作用。但是,尚不清楚Ang II的作用是否与IKca通道调节有关。在这里,我们研究了Ang II对动脉平滑肌细胞中IKca通道的调节。使用膜片钳技术研究了培养的胚胎大鼠主动脉平滑肌 (A10) 细胞中功能性IKca通道的表达。这些细胞主要表达IKca通道。相反,在切除的贴片中很少观察到大电导Ca2激活的K (BKca) 电流。Ang II以依赖于收缩的方式增加了IKca电流。氯沙坦 (1.0 microM),一种AT1选择性拮抗剂,通过Ang II消除了IKca通道的激活。用100 microM肉豆蔻酰化蛋白激酶C抑制剂肽20-28或10 microM GF109203X进行预处理完全消除了AngII诱导的IKca电流的激活,而在存在100 microM Rp-环状3 ',5'-磷酸氢腺苷三乙基铵的情况下,Ang II的作用没有被阻止,蛋白激酶a抑制剂,或1.0 microM KT-5823,蛋白激酶G抑制剂。二酰基甘油1,2-二酰基-sn-甘油 (10 microM) 的膜渗透类似物诱导了IKca电流的激活。这些数据表明Ang II通过激活蛋白激酶C激活IKca通道,AT1受体参与了这些通道的调节。
  • 【肌腱单元的力学和形态特性对运行经济性的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1242/jeb.02340 复制DOI
    作者列表:Arampatzis A,De Monte G,Karamanidis K,Morey-Klapsing G,Stafilidis S,Brüggemann GP
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that runners having different running economies show differences in the mechanical and morphological properties of their muscle-tendon units (MTU) in the lower extremities. Twenty eight long-distance runners (body mass: 76.8+/-6.7 kg, height: 182+/-6 cm, age: 28.1+/-4.5 years) participated in the study. The subjects ran on a treadmill at three velocities (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 m s(-1)) for 15 min each. The V(O(2)) consumption was measured by spirometry. At all three examined velocities the kinematics of the left leg were captured whilst running on the treadmill using a high-speed digital video camera operating at 250 Hz. Furthermore the runners performed isometric maximal voluntary plantarflexion and knee extension contractions at eleven different MTU lengths with their left leg on a dynamometer. The distal aponeuroses of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) were visualised by ultrasound during plantarflexion and knee extension, respectively. The morphological properties of the GM and VL (fascicle length, angle of pennation, and thickness) were determined at three different lengths for each MTU. A cluster analysis was used to classify the subjects into three groups according to their V(O(2)) consumption at all three velocities (high running economy, N=10; moderate running economy, N=12; low running economy, N=6). Neither the kinematic parameters nor the morphological properties of the GM and VL showed significant differences between groups. The most economical runners showed a higher contractile strength and a higher normalised tendon stiffness (relationship between tendon force and tendon strain) in the triceps surae MTU and a higher compliance of the quadriceps tendon and aponeurosis at low level tendon forces. It is suggested that at low level forces the more compliant quadriceps tendon and aponeurosis will increase the force potential of the muscle while running and therefore the volume of active muscle at a given force generation will decrease.
    背景与目标: : 这项研究的目的是检验以下假设: 具有不同跑步经济性的跑步者在下肢的肌肉肌腱单位 (MTU) 的机械和形态特性上存在差异。28名长跑运动员 (体重: 76.8 +/-6.7千克,身高: 182 +/-6厘米,年龄: 28.1 +/-4.5岁) 参加了这项研究。受试者在跑步机上以三种速度 (3.0、3.5和4.0 m s(-1)) 分别运行15分钟。通过肺活量测定法测量V(O(2)) 的消耗量。在所有三个检查的速度下,使用以250Hz运行的高速数字摄像机在跑步机上跑步时捕获左腿的运动学。此外,跑步者在测力计上的左腿以11种不同的MTU长度进行了等距最大的自愿plant屈和膝盖伸展收缩。在plant屈和膝关节伸展过程中,分别通过超声观察腓肠肌内侧 (GM) 和股外侧 (VL) 的远端腱膜。对于每个MTU,以三种不同的长度确定GM和VL的形态特性 (分束长度,顶角和厚度)。使用聚类分析根据受试者在所有三个速度下的V(O(2)) 消耗将受试者分为三组 (高运行经济,N = 10; 中等运行经济,N = 12; 低运行经济,N = 6)。GM和VL的运动学参数和形态特性均未在组之间显示出显着差异。最经济的跑步者在肱三头肌MTU中显示出更高的收缩强度和更高的归一化肌腱刚度 (肌腱力和肌腱应变之间的关系),而在低水平的肌腱力下,股四头肌腱和腱膜的顺应性更高。建议在低水平的力下,更顺应性的股四头肌腱和腱膜会增加跑步时肌肉的力势,因此在给定的力产生下活动肌肉的体积会减少。
  • 【环氧二十碳三烯酸通过鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白激活冠状平滑肌中的K通道。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1161/01.res.80.6.877 复制DOI
    作者列表:Li PL,Campbell WB
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endothelium-derived arachidonic acid metabolites of cytochrome P450. They dilate coronary arteries, open K+ channels, and hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscles. However, the mechanisms of these smooth muscle actions remain unknown. This study examined the effects of EETs on the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel (KCa) in smooth muscle cells of small bovine coronary arteries. In cell-attached patch-clamp experiments, 11,12-EET produced a 0.5- to 10-fold increase in the activity of the KCa channels when added in concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 nmol/L. In the inside-out excised membrane patch mode, 11,12-EET was without effect on the activity of the KCa channel unless GTP (0.5 mmol/L) or GTP and ATP (1 mmol/L) were added to the bath solution. In the presence of GTP and ATP, the increase in the KCa channel activity with 11,12-EET in inside-out patches was comparable to that in cell-attached patches. This effect of 11,12-EET in inside-out patches was blocked by the addition of GDP-beta-S (100 mumol/L). In outside-out patches, 11,12-EET also increased the KCa channel activity when GTP and ATP were added to the pipette solution. The addition of a specific anti-Gs alpha antibody (100 nmol/L) in the pipette solution completely blocked the activation of the KCa channels induced by 11,12-EET. An anti-G beta gamma or anti-Gi alpha antibody was without effect. We conclude that 11,12-EET activates the KCa channels by a Gs alpha-mediated mechanism. This mechanism contributes to the effects of EETs as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors to hyperpolarize and relax arterial smooth muscle.

    背景与目标: 环氧二十碳三烯酸 (EETs) 是细胞色素p450的内皮衍生的花生四烯酸代谢产物。它们扩张冠状动脉,打开K通道,并使血管平滑肌超极化。然而,这些平滑肌作用的机制仍然未知。这项研究检查了EETs对小冠状动脉平滑肌细胞中大电导Ca(2) 激活的K通道 (KCa) 的影响。在细胞附着的膜片钳实验中,当以1、10和100 nmol/L的浓度添加时,11,12-eet使KCa通道的活性增加了0.5至10倍。在由内向外切除的膜贴片模式中,11,12-eet对KCa通道的活性没有影响,除非将GTP (0.5 mmol/L) 或GTP和ATP (1 mmol/L) 添加到浴液中。在存在GTP和ATP的情况下,由内而外的贴片中11,12-eet的KCa通道活性增加与细胞附着的贴片相当。由内而外的贴片中11,12-eet的这种作用被添加GDP-β-S (100 mumol/L) 所阻断。在向外贴剂中,当将GTP和ATP添加到移液器溶液中时,11,12-eet也会增加KCa通道活性。在移液器溶液中添加特异性抗Gs α 抗体 (100 nmol/L) 完全阻断了由11,12-eet诱导的KCa通道的激活。抗G β γ 或抗Gi α 抗体无效。我们得出的结论是,11,12-eet通过Gs α 介导的机制激活了KCa通道。该机制有助于EETs作为内皮衍生的超极化因子,使动脉平滑肌超极化和松弛。
  • 【伪装成肉瘤的胸锁乳突肌中生长的异位错构瘤性胸腺瘤。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/0284431051003592 复制DOI
    作者列表:Iida E,Okazaki M,Sarukawa S,Motoi T,Kikuchi Y
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The distinction between ectopic hamartomatous thymoma and sarcoma is difficult, and preoperative biopsy and intraoperative histopathological examination fail to give a definitive diagnosis. It is important to recognise ectopic hamartomatous thymoma as one of the differential diagnoses of a cervical tumour.
    背景与目标: : 异位错构瘤性胸腺瘤和肉瘤之间的区别很困难,术前活检和术中组织病理学检查未能给出明确的诊断。重要的是要认识到异位错构瘤性胸腺瘤是宫颈肿瘤的鉴别诊断之一。
  • 【VEGF亚型与体内VEGFR-1,VEGFR-2和神经纤毛蛋白的相互作用: 人类骨骼肌的计算模型。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00637.2006 复制DOI
    作者列表:Mac Gabhann F,Popel AS
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines is involved in the maintenance of existing adult blood vessels as well as in angiogenesis, the sprouting of new vessels. To study the proangiogenic activation of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) by VEGF family members in skeletal muscle, we develop a computational model of VEGF isoforms (VEGF(121), VEGF(165)), their cell surface receptors, and the extracellular matrix in in vivo tissue. We build upon our validated model of the biochemical interactions between VEGF isoforms and receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and nonsignaling neuropilin-1 coreceptors in vitro. The model is general and could be applied to any tissue; here we apply the model to simulate the transport of VEGF isoforms in human vastus lateralis muscle, which is extensively studied in physiological experiments. The simulations predict the distribution of VEGF isoforms in resting (nonexercising) muscle and the activation of VEGFR signaling. Little of the VEGF protein in muscle is present as free, unbound extracellular cytokine; the majority is bound to the cell surface receptors or to the extracellular matrix. However, interstitial sequestration of VEGF(165) does not affect steady-state receptor binding. In the absence of neuropilin, VEGF(121) and VEGF(165) behave similarly, but neuropilin enhances the binding of VEGF(165) to VEGFR-2. This model is the first to study VEGF tissue distribution and receptor activation in human muscle, and it provides a platform for the design and evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
    背景与目标: : 细胞因子的血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF) 家族参与现有成人血管的维持以及血管生成,新血管的萌发。为了研究骨骼肌中VEGF家族成员对VEGF受体 (VEGFRs) 的促血管生成激活,我们建立了VEGF同工型 (VEGF(121),VEGF(165)),它们的细胞表面受体和细胞外基质的计算模型。体内组织。我们建立在我们验证的VEGF同工型与受体酪氨酸激酶 (VEGFR-1和VEGFR-2) 之间的生化相互作用的模型,以及体外非信号neuropilin-1共受体。该模型是通用的,可以应用于任何组织; 在这里,我们应用该模型来模拟人外侧肌中VEGF同工型的运输,这在生理实验中得到了广泛的研究。模拟预测了静息 (非运动) 肌肉中VEGF亚型的分布以及VEGFR信号传导的激活。肌肉中几乎没有VEGF蛋白以游离的,未结合的细胞外细胞因子的形式存在; 大多数与细胞表面受体或细胞外基质结合。然而,VEGF(165) 的间质隔离不影响稳态受体结合。在不存在神经菌毛蛋白的情况下,VEGF(121) 和VEGF(165) 表现相似,但是神经菌毛蛋白增强VEGF(165) 与VEGFR-2的结合。该模型是第一个研究人肌肉中VEGF组织分布和受体激活的模型,它为治疗方法的设计和评估提供了平台。
  • 【冰按摩对艾滋病患者神经性疼痛的影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jana.2006.07.002 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ownby KK
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Peripheral neuropathic pain is a unique form of chronic pain that afflicts up to 50% of persons with AIDS. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of ice massage to reduce neuropathic pain and improve sleep quality and to determine the feasibility of a larger study. A repeated measures design was used. The three treatments consisted of ice massage, dry-towel massage, and presence. Consecutive sampling was used to select 33 persons with AIDS who had neuropathic pain. Although the results of the study were negative, there was a decrease in pain intensity over time with both the ice massage and towel massage, suggesting that the intervention has some clinical benefit.
    背景与目标: : 周围神经性疼痛是一种独特的慢性疼痛形式,困扰多达50% 的艾滋病患者。这项初步研究的目的是检查冰按摩减轻神经性疼痛和改善睡眠质量的效果,并确定进行更大规模研究的可行性。使用了重复测量设计。这三种治疗方法包括冰按摩,干毛巾按摩和在场。连续抽样选择33例患有神经性疼痛的艾滋病患者。尽管研究结果为阴性,但随着时间的推移,冰按摩和毛巾按摩的疼痛强度有所降低,这表明该干预措施具有一定的临床益处。
  • 【比目鱼肌的代谢特征与高血压父母后代的胰岛素作用有关。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.06.010 复制DOI
    作者列表:Kratochvílová S,Vyhnanovská P,Vlasáková Z,Hájek M,Skibová J,Pelikánová T
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Insulin resistance affecting skeletal muscle metabolism is present in the prehypertensive state. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that blood pressure value is related to skeletal muscle composition, measured by (31)P magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, and to insulin sensitivity in the offspring of hypertensive parents (OH) and healthy controls. Study groups consisted of 10 healthy young lean OH with normal glucose tolerance, confirmed with oral glucose tolerance test, and 13 controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Insulin action was estimated as glucose disposal (M), glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and insulin sensitivity index (M/I) during a 10-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The sum of immunoreactive insulin values from the oral glucose tolerance test was calculated. (31)P MR spectroscopy was performed on a whole-body MR scanner (Siemens Vision, Erlangen, Germany) operating at 1.5 T and equipped with actively shielded gradient coils. There were no differences in common metabolic and anthropometric parameters between OH and controls except for the blood pressure, which was in the range of normal to high-normal level in OH. Mean blood pressure was significantly higher in OH (95.73 +/- 4.39 vs 83.76 +/- 3.95 mm Hg; P < .001). Trend toward insulin resistance was registered in OH with significantly lower M/I (0.74 +/- 0.47 vs 1.42 +/- 0.65 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) x mIU(-1) x L(-1); P < .05). There were no significant differences in total serum magnesium (sMg) levels between OH and controls, although a positive correlation exists between sMg and insulin sensitivity expressed as M (r = 0.63, P < .01), MCR (r = 0.54, P < .01), and M/I (r = 0.51, P < .05). No differences in signal intensities of phosphocreatine (PCr), phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, inorganic phosphates (Pi), adenosine triphosphates (Patp and betaATP), and calculated concentrations of intracellular ionized magnesium (Mgi) and H(+) ions between the groups were detected. Systolic blood pressure correlates positively with PCr/Patp (r = 0.43, P < .05), Pi/Patp (r = 0.413, P < .05), and Pi/betaATP (r = 0.48, P < .05). Diastolic blood pressure correlates positively only with the ratio Pi/betaATP (r = 0.42, P < .05). The sum of immunoreactive insulin values correlates with PCr/betaATP (r = 0.53, P < .01) and with Pi/betaATP (r = 0.6, P < .01). In conclusion, increase in blood pressure and insulin resistance were confirmed in offspring of OH. Insulin sensitivity is related to sMg and the elevation of blood pressure is associated with the activation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. The relationship between muscle energetic characteristics and markers of insulin resistance suggests that the alteration of energy metabolism may be present in early stages of metabolic syndrome.
    背景与目标: : 影响骨骼肌代谢的胰岛素抵抗在高血压前期存在。我们研究的目的是检验以下假设: 血压值与通过 (31)P磁共振 (MR) 光谱法测量的骨骼肌组成以及高血压父母 (OH) 和健康的后代的胰岛素敏感性有关对照。研究组由10个健康的年轻lean OH组成,葡萄糖耐量正常,经口服葡萄糖耐量试验证实,以及13个年龄,性别和体重指数相匹配的对照。在10小时的高胰岛素血症正常血糖钳夹中,胰岛素的作用估计为葡萄糖处置 (M),葡萄糖代谢清除率 (MCR) 和胰岛素敏感性指数 (M/I)。计算了口服葡萄糖耐量试验的免疫反应性胰岛素值之和。(31) 在操作于1.5 T并配备有主动屏蔽梯度线圈的全身MR扫描仪 (Siemens Vision,Erlangen,德国) 上进行P MR光谱。OH和对照组之间的常见代谢和人体测量参数没有差异,但血压在OH的正常至正常水平范围内。OH中的平均血压显着更高 (95.73/- 4.39 vs 83.76/-3.95毫米Hg; P <.001)。在OH中记录了胰岛素抵抗的趋势,M/I显著降低 (0.74 +/- 0.47 vs 1.42 +/- 0.65 mg × kg(-1) × min(-1) × mIU(-1) × L(-1); P <.05)。血清总镁 (sMg) 水平与对照组无显著差异,但sMg与胰岛素敏感性呈正相关,表现为M (r = 0.63,P <.01),MCR (r = 0.54,P <.01)。和M/I (r = 0.51,P <.05)。检测到磷酸肌酸 (PCr),磷酸单酯,磷酸二酯,无机磷酸盐 (Pi),三磷酸腺苷 (Patp和 βatp) 的信号强度以及计算的细胞内离子镁 (Mgi) 和H () 离子浓度之间的差异。收缩压与PCr/Patp (r = 0.43,P <.05) 、Pi/Patp (r = 0.413,P <.05) 和Pi/betaATP (r = 0.48,P <.05) 呈正相关。舒张压仅与Pi/βatp比值正相关 (r = 0.42,P <.05)。免疫反应性胰岛素值的总和与PCr/betaATP (r = 0.53,P <.01) 和Pi/betaATP (r = 0.6,P <.01) 相关。总之,在OH的后代中证实了血压升高和胰岛素抵抗。胰岛素敏感性与sMg有关,血压升高与骨骼肌能量代谢的激活有关。肌肉能量特征与胰岛素抵抗标志物之间的关系表明,能量代谢的改变可能存在于代谢综合征的早期阶段。
  • 【一项开放标签扩展研究,旨在研究THC/CBD口腔粘膜喷雾剂和口腔粘膜THC喷雾剂在强效阿片类镇痛药难治的晚期癌症相关疼痛患者中的长期安全性和耐受性。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.07.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Johnson JR,Lossignol D,Burnell-Nugent M,Fallon MT
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: CONTEXT:Chronic pain in patients with advanced cancer poses a serious clinical challenge. The Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray (U.S. Adopted Name, nabiximols; Sativex(®)) is a novel cannabinoid formulation currently undergoing investigation as an adjuvant therapy for this treatment group. OBJECTIVES:This follow-up study investigated the long-term safety and tolerability of THC/CBD spray and THC spray in relieving pain in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS:In total, 43 patients with cancer-related pain experiencing inadequate analgesia despite chronic opioid dosing, who had participated in a previous three-arm (THC/CBD spray, THC spray, or placebo), two-week parent randomized controlled trial, entered this open-label, multicenter, follow-up study. Patients self-titrated THC/CBD spray (n=39) or THC spray (n=4) to symptom relief or maximum dose and were regularly reviewed for safety, tolerability, and evidence of clinical benefit. RESULTS:The efficacy end point of change from baseline in mean Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form scores for "pain severity" and "worst pain" domains showed a decrease (i.e., improvement) at each visit in the THC/CBD spray patients. Similarly, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 scores showed a decrease (i.e., improvement) from baseline in the domains of insomnia, pain, and fatigue. No new safety concerns associated with the extended use of THC/CBD spray arose from this study. CONCLUSION:This study showed that the long-term use of THC/CBD spray was generally well tolerated, with no evidence of a loss of effect for the relief of cancer-related pain with long-term use. Furthermore, patients who kept using the study medication did not seek to increase their dose of this or other pain-relieving medication over time, suggesting that the adjuvant use of cannabinoids in cancer-related pain could provide useful benefit.
    背景与目标:
  • 【肌肉干/祖细胞中的甲状腺激素信号和脱碘酶作用。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.014 复制DOI
    作者列表:Ambrosio R,De Stefano MA,Di Girolamo D,Salvatore D
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates such crucial biological functions as normal growth, development and metabolism of nearly all vertebrate tissues. In skeletal muscle, TH plays a critical role in regulating the function of satellite cells, the bona fide skeletal muscle stem cells. Deiodinases (D2 and D3) have been found to modulate the expression of various TH target genes in satellite cells. Regulation of the expression and activity of the deiodinases constitutes a cell-autonomous, pre-receptor mechanism that controls crucial steps during the various phases of myogenesis. Here, we review the roles of deiodinases in skeletal muscle stem cells, particularly in muscle homeostasis and upon regeneration. We focus on the role of T3 in stem cell functions and in commitment towards lineage progression. We also discuss how deiodinases might be therapeutically exploited to improve satellite-cell-mediated muscle repair in skeletal muscle disorders or injury.
    背景与目标: : 甲状腺激素 (TH) 调节着几乎所有脊椎动物组织的正常生长,发育和代谢等关键的生物学功能。在骨骼肌中,TH在调节卫星细胞 (真正的骨骼肌干细胞) 的功能中起着至关重要的作用。已发现脱碘酶 (D2和D3) 调节卫星细胞中各种TH靶基因的表达。调节脱碘酶的表达和活性构成了一种细胞自主的前受体机制,该机制控制着肌发生各个阶段的关键步骤。在这里,我们回顾了脱碘酶在骨骼肌干细胞中的作用,特别是在肌肉稳态和再生中的作用。我们专注于T3在干细胞功能和对谱系进展的承诺中的作用。我们还讨论了如何在治疗上利用脱碘酶来改善骨骼肌疾病或损伤中的卫星细胞介导的肌肉修复。
  • 12 Microbiota regulates visceral pain in the mouse. 复制标题 收藏 收藏

    【微生物群调节小鼠的内脏疼痛。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.7554/eLife.25887 复制DOI
    作者列表:Luczynski P,Tramullas M,Viola M,Shanahan F,Clarke G,O'Mahony S,Dinan TG,Cryan JF
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The perception of visceral pain is a complex process involving the spinal cord and higher order brain structures. Increasing evidence implicates the gut microbiota as a key regulator of brain and behavior, yet it remains to be determined if gut bacteria play a role in visceral sensitivity. We used germ-free mice (GF) to assess visceral sensitivity, spinal cord gene expression and pain-related brain structures. GF mice displayed visceral hypersensitivity accompanied by increases in Toll-like receptor and cytokine gene expression in the spinal cord, which were normalized by postnatal colonization with microbiota from conventionally colonized (CC). In GF mice, the volumes of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and periaqueductal grey, areas involved in pain processing, were decreased and enlarged, respectively, and dendritic changes in the ACC were evident. These findings indicate that the gut microbiota is required for the normal visceral pain sensation.
    背景与目标: 内脏疼痛的感知是一个复杂的过程,涉及脊髓和高阶脑结构。越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群是大脑和行为的关键调节剂,但肠道细菌是否在内脏敏感性中起作用尚待确定。我们使用无菌小鼠 (GF) 评估内脏敏感性,脊髓基因表达和与疼痛相关的大脑结构。GF小鼠表现出内脏超敏反应,并伴有脊髓中Toll样受体和细胞因子基因表达的增加,这通过出生后用常规定植 (CC) 的微生物群定植而标准化。在GF小鼠中,前扣带回皮层 (ACC) 和导水管周围灰色 (涉及疼痛处理的区域) 的体积分别减少和扩大,并且ACC的树突状变化明显。这些发现表明,正常的内脏疼痛感需要肠道菌群。
  • 【直线和表面网格模型之间的比较,以表示肌肉骨骼模型中的肩袖肌肉几何形状。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1080/10255842.2017.1340463 复制DOI
    作者列表:Hoffmann M,Haering D,Begon M
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Accurate muscle geometry (muscle length and moment arm) is required to estimate muscle function when using musculoskeletal modelling. In shoulder, muscles are often modelled as a collection of independent line segments, leading to non-physiological muscles trajectory, especially for the rotator cuff muscles. To prevent this, a surface mesh model was developed and validated against 7 MRI positions in one participant. Mean moment arm errors was 11.4% for the line vs. 8.8% for the mesh model. While the model with independent lines led to some non-physiological trajectories, the mesh model gave lower misestimations of muscle lengths and moment arms.
    背景与目标: : 使用肌肉骨骼模型时,需要准确的肌肉几何形状 (肌肉长度和力矩臂) 来估计肌肉功能。在肩部,肌肉通常被建模为独立线段的集合,从而导致非生理肌肉轨迹,尤其是对于肩袖肌肉。为了防止这种情况,开发了一个表面网格模型,并针对一名参与者的7个MRI位置进行了验证。11.4% 直线的平均力矩臂误差与网格模型的8.8%。虽然具有独立线条的模型导致了一些非生理轨迹,但网格模型对肌肉长度和力矩臂的误判较低。
  • 【数字 (2D:4D) 比率与老年人的肌肉质量 (MM) 和力量 (MS) 相关: 子宫内雄激素暴露的可能影响。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2012.11.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Halil M,Gurel EI,Kuyumcu ME,Karaismailoglu S,Yesil Y,Ozturk ZA,Yavuz BB,Cankurtaran M,Ariogul S
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Decline in MM and MS with aging, defined as sarcopenia, is related with physical disability, poor quality of life and death. Its mechanisms are not fully understood. Testosterone increases muscle protein synthesis. However, the effects of in utero androgen exposure to MM and MS in older adults have not been studied. In utero androgen exposure is inversely related with 2D:4D ratio. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D ratio as an indicator of in utero androgen exposure and MM and MS in elderly patients. A total of 151 older adults were included. Calf-circumference (CC) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were used for the assessment of MM and hand grip strength for the assessment of MS. Mean age ± SD of the patients was 73.72 ± 6.23. Fifty-two (34.4%) of patients were male, 99 (65.6%) were female. Right and left 2D:4D were significantly and negatively correlated with hand grip strength (r=-0.365, p=0.018 and r=-0.434, p=0.005, respectively), CC (r=-0.422, p=0.002 and r=-0.459, p=0.001, respectively) and SMI (r=-0.354, p=0.018 and r=-0.348, p=0.022, respectively) in men. In women, right and left 2D:4D were significantly and negatively correlated with hand grip strength (r=-0.252, p=0.022 and r=-0.234, p=0.033, respectively), CC (r=-0.229, p=0.024 and r=-0.302, p=0.003, respectively) and SMI (r=-0.382, p<0.001 and r=-0.431, p<0.001, respectively). In this study, we found that 2D:4D ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with parameters depicting MM and MS which may suggest the possible role of in utero androgen exposure in the development of MM and MS loss in the elderly.
    背景与目标: : 随着年龄的增长,MM和MS的下降 (定义为肌肉减少症) 与身体残疾,生活质量差和死亡有关。其机制尚未完全了解。睾酮增加肌肉蛋白质合成。然而,尚未研究子宫内雄激素暴露于MM和MS对老年人的影响。子宫内雄激素暴露与2D:4D比率成反比。这项研究的目的是研究2D:4D比率作为子宫内雄激素暴露的指标与老年患者MM和MS之间的关系。总共包括151名老年人。小腿周长 (CC) 和骨骼肌质量指数 (SMI) 用于评估MM,手握力用于评估MS。患者的平均年龄 ± SD为73.72 ± 6.23。52例 (34.4%) 患者为男性,99例 (65.6%) 为女性。左右2D:4D与握力 (r =-0.365,p = 0.018和r =-0.434,p = 0.005) 、CC (r =-0.422,p = 0.002和r =-0.459,p = 0.001,男性的SMI (分别为r =-0.354,p = 0.018和r =-0.348,p = 0.022)。在女性中,左右2D:4D与手握力 (r =-0.252,p = 0.022和r =-0.234,p = 0.033),CC (r =-0.229,p = 0.024和r =-0.302,p = 0.003,分别) 和SMI (r =-0.382,p<0.001和r =-0.431,p<0.001)。在这项研究中,我们发现2D:4D比率与描述MM和MS的参数显着负相关,这可能表明子宫内雄激素暴露在老年人MM和MS损失的发展中的可能作用。
  • 【在缺氧和常氧的情况下,吸气肌负荷期间的静息肢体肌肉灌注。】 复制标题 收藏 收藏
    DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2017.06.003 复制DOI
    作者列表:Klenze H,Köhler TC,Farquharson F,Walterspacher S,Duerschmied D,Roecker K,Kabitz HJ,Walker DJ
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: INTRODUCTION:Fatiguing of respiratory muscles reduces peripheral muscle perfusion. Further, acute hypoxia enhances respiratory muscle fatigue. This study investigated the effects of inspiratory muscle loading (IML) on resting locomotor muscle perfusion in hypoxia compared to normoxia. METHODS:Ten subjects completed two study days of fatiguing IML (blinded, randomized) in normobaric hypoxia (targeted oxygen saturation 80%) and normoxia, respectively. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the gastrocnemius muscle and popliteal doppler ultrasonography were used to monitor muscle perfusion. Based on CEUS and monitored cardiac output, perfusion surrogate parameters (CLPaer and CLPap) were established. RESULTS:Muscle perfusion declines early during IML in normoxia (CLPaer: -54±25%, p<0.01; CLPap: -58±32%, p<0.01) and hypoxia (CLPaer: -43±23%, p<0.01; CLPap: -41±20%, p<0.01). Hypoxia compared to normoxia increased cardiac output before (+23±19%, p<0.01 ANOVA) and during (+22±20%, p<0.01 ANOVA) IML, while local muscle perfusion during IML remained unchanged (CLPaer: p=0.41 ANOVA; CLPap: p=0.29 ANOVA). CONCLUSION:Acute hypoxia compared to normoxia does not affect locomotor muscle perfusion during fatiguing IML.
    背景与目标:

+1
+2
100研值 100研值 ¥99课程
检索文献一次
下载文献一次

去下载>

成功解锁2个技能,为你点赞

《SCI写作十大必备语法》
解决你的SCI语法难题!

技能熟练度+1

视频课《玩转文献检索》
让你成为检索达人!

恭喜完成新手挑战

手机微信扫一扫,添加好友领取

免费领《Endnote文献管理工具+教程》

微信扫码, 免费领取

手机登录

获取验证码
登录