African swine fever (ASF) is a major limiting factor for pig production in most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean. In the absence of vaccine, a good understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the disease is fundamental to implement effective control measures. In selected countries of Southern and East Africa, the association between Ornithodoros moubata ticks and warthogs has been described in detail in the literature. However, for many other countries in the region, information related to the sylvatic cycle is lacking or incomplete. In West African countries, for instance, the role of wild pigs in the epidemiology of ASF has never been demonstrated and the existence and potential impact of a sylvatic cycle involving an association between soft ticks and warthogs is questionable. In other countries, other wild pig species such as the bushpigs (Potamochoerus spp.) can also be asymptomatically infected by the virus but their role in the epidemiology of the disease is unclear and might differ according to geographic regions. In addition, the methods and techniques required to study the role of wild hosts in ASF virus (ASFV) epidemiology and ecology are very specific and differ from the more traditional methods to study domestic pigs or other tick species. The aim of this review is (i) to provide a descriptive list of the methodologies implemented to study the role of wild hosts in African swine fever, (ii) to compile the available knowledge about the sylvatic cycle of ASFV in different regions of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean in addition to the one that has been described for East and Southern Africa, and (iii) to discuss current methodologies and available knowledge in order to identify new orientations for further field and experimental surveys.

译文

非洲猪瘟(ASF)是撒哈拉以南非洲和印度洋大多数国家/地区猪生产的主要限制因素。在没有疫苗的情况下,对疾病的生态学和流行病学有充分的了解是实施有效控制措施的基础。在南部非洲和东非的选定国家中,文献中已详细描述了鸟嘴Or和疣猪之间的联系。但是,对于该地区的许多其他国家来说,与sylvatic周期有关的信息仍然缺乏或不完整。例如,在西非国家,从未证明过野猪在ASF流行病学中的作用,而且涉及软壁虱和疣猪之间的森林周期的存在及其潜在影响值得怀疑。在其他国家/地区,其他野猪物种(例如,丛林猪(Potamochoerus spp。))也可能无症状感染该病毒,但尚不清楚它们在该疾病流行病学中的作用,并且可能因地理区域而异。此外,研究野生宿主在ASF病毒(ASFV)流行病学和生态学中的作用所需的方法和技术非常具体,不同于研究家猪或其他壁虱物种的更传统的方法。这项审查的目的是(i)提供描述性方法列表,以实施研究野生宿主在非洲猪瘟中的作用的方法;(ii)汇编有关亚SFV子区不同区域的ASFV sylvatic周期的现有知识。撒哈拉以南非洲和印度洋,以及已经描述的东非和南部非洲的一种,以及(iii)讨论当前的方法和可用知识,以便为进一步的野外调查和实验调查确定新的方向。

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