In animals, longevity (maximal lifespan) is inversely related to mass-specific basal metabolic rates. However, contrary to expectation, in several mammalian taxa, exceptional longevity is associated with high basal metabolic rate, and also fast evolution of mtDNA-coded proteins. The association of these traits was suggested to result from adaptive selection of mutations in mtDNA-coded proteins, which accelerates basal respiration, thus inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species that constrain longevity. In birds, all the genera with high rate of cytochrome b evolution are songbirds (oscines). Within the songbirds group, both longevity residuals and lifetime expenditure of energy are positively correlated with the rate of cytochrome b evolution. Moreover, within the large songbirds family Fringillidae (true finches) mass-specific basal metabolic rates, longevity, longevity residuals and lifetime expenditure of energy are all positively correlated with the rate of evolution of cytochrome b. In Serinus, a genus of finches (canaries) that exhibits the highest rate of cytochrome b evolution, and the highest values of exceptional longevity and lifetime expenditure of energy in all birds, many of the substitutions in cytochrome b are clustered around Qi, a ubiquinone binding site adjacent to the mitochondrial matrix, apparently selected to increase the rate of ubiquinone reduction. We therefore suggest that, in songbirds, the accelerated evolution of cytochrome b involved selection of mutations that reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus contributing to the evolution of exceptional longevity, and possibly also exceptional long-term memory, which is necessary for learning songs.

译文

在动物中,寿命(最大寿命)与特定于质量的基础代谢率成反比。然而,与预期相反,在几种哺乳动物类群中,超长寿命与高基础代谢率以及mtDNA编码蛋白的快速进化有关。这些特性的关联被认为是由mtDNA编码蛋白中突变的适应性选择导致的,该突变可加速基础呼吸,从而抑制了限制寿命的活性氧的产生。在鸟类中,所有具有高细胞色素b进化率的属都是鸣鸟(oscines)。在鸣鸟组中,长寿残差和终生能量消耗都与细胞色素b的进化速率正相关。此外,在大型鸣鸟科(Fringillidae(真雀科))中,特定质量的基础代谢率,寿命,寿命残差和终生能量消耗均与细胞色素b的进化速率呈正相关。在Serinus(一种雀科(金丝雀))中表现出最高的细胞色素b进化速率,并且在所有鸟类中具有最高的超常寿命和终生能量消耗值,在许多鸟类中,细胞色素b的许多替代物聚集在Qi周围,即泛醌与线粒体基质相邻的结合位点,显然是为了增加泛醌还原率而选择的。因此,我们建议,在鸣禽中,细胞色素b的加速进化涉及选择减少活性氧物种生成的突变,从而促进了超长寿命的发展,并且可能也促进了超长记忆的发展,这对于学习是必不可少的。歌曲。

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