The ecology of viruses in shallow artificial freshwaters is poorly documented and there is no reference for sand pit lakes. We examined the seasonal abundances and infection rates of viruses in the sand pit Lake Créteil (France). Bacteria were the best predictor of viral abundance (4.0-7.8 × 10(10) viruses L(-1) ), with an average virus-to-bacteria ratio of 13.5 ± 1.9. Virus-induced bacterial mortality (range 37-86%, mean 65%) was higher than that in typical pelagic situations. This was related to high specific contact rates between viruses and bacterial hosts and high burst size (BS) estimates. Seasonal fluctuations in viruses and bacteria were rather homeostatic, although temperature was a major driver of microbial activities. Different bacterial morphotypes, i.e. 'morphopopulations', were analysed. Rod cells dominated the total (90%) and infected (89%) communities. Elongated rods were the most infected (45% of infected cells), whereas fat rods exhibited the highest BS estimates (mean=72 viruses per bacterium) due to a larger specific cell volume. We conclude that the lytic activity of viruses is high and heterogeneous for different bacterial-host phenotypes in the sand pit Lake Créteil. A theoretical exercise shows that this can exert a strong influence on the processes occurring in plankton food webs.

译文

:浅水人工淡水中的病毒生态学文献很少,对于沙坑湖也没有参考。我们检查了沙坑克里特伊湖(法国)中病毒的季节性丰富度和感染率。细菌是病毒丰度(4.0-7.8×10(10)病毒L(-1))的最佳预测因子,平均病毒与细菌的比率为13.5±1.9。病毒引起的细菌死亡率(37-86%,平均65%)高于典型的中上层鱼类。这与病毒与细菌宿主之间的高特异性接触率以及高爆发大小(BS)估计有关。尽管温度是微生物活动的主要驱动力,但病毒和细菌的季节性波动相当稳定。分析了不同的细菌形态型,即“形态种群”。杆状细胞占据了全部(90%)和感染(89%)社区。伸长的杆感染最多(占感染细胞的45%),而脂肪杆则由于其比细胞较大而表现出最高的BS估计值(平均每细菌72个病毒)。我们得出结论,沙坑湖克雷泰伊中不同细菌-宿主表型的病毒裂解活性很高且异质。理论研究表明,这可以对浮游生物食物网中发生的过程产生重大影响。

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