Microalgae worldwide regularly cause harmful effects, considered from the human perspective, in that they cause health problems and economic damage to fisheries and tourism. Cyanobacteria cause similar problems in freshwaters. These episodes encompass a broad range of phenomena collectively referred to as "harmful algal blooms" (HABs). For adequate management of these phenomena, monitoring of microalgae is required. However, effective monitoring is time-consuming because cell morphology as determined by light microscopy may be insufficient to give definitive species and toxin attribution. In the European Union FP7 project MIDTAL (Microarrays for the Detection of Toxic Algae), we achieved rapid species identification using rRNA genes as the target. These regions can be targeted for probe design to recognise species or even strains. We also included antibody reactions to specific toxins produced by these microalgae because, even when cell numbers are low, toxins can be present and can accumulate in the shellfish. Microarrays are the state-of-the-art technology in molecular biology for the processing of bulk samples for detection of target RNA/DNA sequences. After 36 months, we have completed RNA-cell number-signal intensity calibration curves for 18 HAB species and the analysis of monthly field samples from five locations from year 1. Results from one location, Arcachon Bay (France), are reported here and compared favourably with cell counts in most cases. In general, the microarray was more sensitive than the cell counts, and this is likely a reflection in the difference in water volume analysed with the volume filtered for the microarray an order of magnitude greater.

译文

从人类的角度来看,全世界的微藻类经常造成有害影响,因为它们会对渔业和旅游业造成健康问题和经济损失。蓝细菌在淡水中引起类似的问题。这些事件包含广泛的现象,统称为“有害藻华”(HABs)。为了适当处理这些现象,需要监控微藻。但是,有效的监视非常耗时,因为通过光学显微镜确定的细胞形态可能不足以提供确定的物种和毒素归因。在欧盟FP7项目MIDTAL(用于检测有毒藻类的微阵列)中,我们实现了以rRNA基因为目标的快速物种鉴定。这些区域可以作为探针设计的目标,以识别物种甚至菌株。我们还包括了针对这些微藻产生的特定毒素的抗体反应,因为即使细胞数量很少,毒素也可能存在并可以在贝类中积聚。微阵列是分子生物学中用于处理大量样品以检测目标RNA / DNA序列的最新技术。 36个月后,我们已经完成了针对18种HAB物种的RNA细胞数信号强度校准曲线,并从第一年开始对五个地点的月度田间样品进行了分析,在此处报告并比较了一个地点阿尔卡雄湾(法国)的结果在大多数情况下,细胞计数都非常有利。通常,微阵列比细胞计数更敏感,这很可能反映了用微阵列过滤的水量分析的水量差异大了一个数量级。

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