Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of cholera. It is an autochthonous inhabitant of all aquatic environments. The virulence of V. cholerae is maintained by the CTX genetic element and tcpA gene. In the present investigation, environmental strains of V. cholerae isolated from different aquatic biotopes in Kerala were identified and serotyped. The antibiotic resistance pattern and presence of virulence and regulatory genes were examined. We found the presence of toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 strains harboring the CTX genetic element, heat-stable enterotoxin, rtxA gene, El Tor hemolysin, and Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI). The strains also produced the cholera toxin (CT) as determined by monosialoganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A few strains belonging to the O1 serogroup but lacking the CTX genetic element were also observed. The majority of the environmental strains belonged to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup with many possessing toxR, ompU, heat-stable enterotoxin, and rtxA gene. The toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 strains exhibited resistance to trimethoprim, ampicillin, and polymixin B and intermediate resistance to co-trimoxazole. However, all other environmental strains were found resistant to ampicillin and polymixin B. Our findings demonstrate that the virulence genes are dispersed among the environmental strains of V. cholerae and a complex aquatic environment can give rise to pathogenic V. cholerae.

译文

:霍乱弧菌是霍乱的病原体。它是所有水生环境的土生土长的居民。霍乱弧菌的毒力由CTX遗传元件和tcpA基因维持。在本研究中,从喀拉拉邦不同水生生物群落中分离出的霍乱弧菌环境菌株被鉴定并进行了血清分型。检查了抗生素的耐药性模式以及毒力和调控基因的存在。我们发现存在具有CTX遗传元件,热稳定肠毒素,rtxA基因,El Tor溶血素和弧菌致病岛(VPI)的产毒非O1 / non-O139菌株。通过单唾液酸神经节苷脂酶联免疫吸附试验测定,该菌株还产生了霍乱毒素(CT)。还观察到一些属于O1血清群但缺乏CTX遗传元件的菌株。大多数环境菌株属于非O1 /非O139血清群,其中许多具有toxR,ompU,热稳定肠毒素和rtxA基因。产毒的非O1 / non-O139菌株对甲氧苄啶,氨苄青霉素和多粘菌素B表现出抗性,对复方新诺明的耐药性中等。但是,所有其他环境菌株均被发现对氨苄西林和多菌灵B具有抗性。我们的发现表明,致病性基因分散在霍乱弧菌的环境菌株中,复杂的水生环境会引起霍乱弧菌。

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