In disease ecology, parasite transmission is a key parameter important at both epidemiological and evolutionary scales. Mycoviruses can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Their horizontal transmission is strongly restricted by the host vegetative compatibility system, which controls the outcome of somatic fusion in fungi, and by the same way, may limit mycovirus transmission. However, most of current knowledge and predictive capabilities regarding these host/pathogen systems are derived from studies pairing fungal mycelia on artificial medium. An original bioassay method, using infected mycelia as well as asexual spores, had been developed to assess in situ transmission of Cryphonectria Hypovirus-1 (CHV1), a mycovirus of Cryphonectria parasitica that causes chestnut blight. For every pair of different vegetative compatibility types tested, rates of CHV1 transmission were always superior in situ than in vitro. This study supports the hypothesis that the natural ability of CHV1 to migrate within a fungal population composed of different vegetative compatible types may have been underestimated by in vitro essays. This result offers opportunities for a biological control of fungal diseases with mycoviruses.

译文

:在疾病生态学中,寄生虫传播是在流行病学和进化尺度上均重要的关键参数。霉菌病毒可以水平和垂直传播。它们的水平传播受到宿主植物相容性系统的强烈限制,该系统控制真菌中体细胞融合的结果,并且以同样的方式可能会限制霉菌病毒的传播。但是,有关这些宿主/病原体系统的大多数当前知识和预测能力均来自在人工培养基上配对真菌菌丝体的研究。已经开发出了一种原始的生物测定方法,该方法利用被感染的菌丝体和无性孢子来评估Cryphonectria Hypovirus-1(CHV1)的原位传播,Cryphonectria Hypovirus-1(CHV1)是一种导致栗枯萎病的寄生性Cryphonectria parasitica的分枝病毒。对于所测试的每对不同的营养相容性类型,CHV1的传播率始终在原位优于在体外。这项研究支持以下假设:体外杂文可能低估了CHV1在由不同营养相容类型组成的真菌种群中迁移的天然能力。该结果提供了用分枝杆菌病毒对真菌疾病进行生物学控制的机会。

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