Plants are routinely subjected simultaneously to different abiotic and biotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and insect infestation. Plant-insect interactions in such complex stress situations are poorly understood. We evaluated the performance of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to a combination of heat and drought stresses. We also performed assays of the relative water content, nutritional quality, and responses of phytohormone signaling pathways. Lower relative water content and accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids were observed in plants exposed to combined heat and drought stress. These conditions increased abscisic acid levels in the absence of aphids, as well as leading to higher levels of jasmonate-dependent transcripts. The grain aphid infestation further increased abscisic acid levels and the abundance of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-dependent defenses under the combined stress conditions. Aphids reared on plants grown under drought stress alone showed lower net reproductive rates, intrinsic rates of increase, and finite rates of increase compared with aphids reared on plants in the absence of stress. The heat-treated plants also showed a decreased aphid net reproductive rate. These findings demonstrate that exposure to a combination of stresses enhances plant defense responses against aphids as well as altering nutritional quality.

译文

:植物通常同时受到不同的非生物和生物胁迫,例如高温,干旱和昆虫侵扰。在如此复杂的胁迫情况下,植物与昆虫之间的相互作用知之甚少。我们评估了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)在高温和干旱胁迫下的蚜虫(Sitobion avenae)的性能。我们还进行了相对含水量,营养质量和植物激素信号通路反应的测定。在暴露于高温和干旱双重胁迫的植物中,观察到较低的相对含水量以及可溶性糖和氨基酸的积累。在没有蚜虫的情况下,这些条件增加了脱落酸的水平,并且导致茉莉酸酯依赖性转录物的水平更高。在组合胁迫条件下,谷物蚜虫的侵扰进一步增加了脱落酸的水平以及丰富的茉莉酸和水杨酸依赖性防御作用。与在没有胁迫的情况下在植物上饲养的蚜虫相比,仅在干旱胁迫下生长的植物上养殖的蚜虫显示出较低的净生殖速率,内在的增长率和有限的增长率。热处理过的植物也显示出降低的蚜虫净繁殖率。这些发现表明,暴露于多种胁迫下可增强植物对蚜虫的防御反应并改变营养品质。

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