BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of nutritional status among children under age 5 (0-59 months) in Ethiopia. Child malnutrition is an underlying cause of almost half (45%) of child deaths, particularly in low socioeconomic communities of developing countries. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of stunting decreased from 47% in 2005 to 39% in 2016, but the prevalence of wasting changed little over the same time period (from 11 to 10%). Despite improvements in reducing the prevalence of malnutrition, the current rate of progress is not fast enough to reach the World Health Organization global target for reducing malnutrition 40% by 2025. METHODS:This study used data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Heath Survey (EDHS). The analysis used stunting and wasting as dependent variables, while the independent variables were characteristics of children, mothers, and households. Logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of nutritional status among children. Bivariate analysis was also used to analyze the association between the dependent and independent variables. RESULTS:Study results show that child's age, sex, and perceived birth weight, mother's educational status, body mass index (BMI), and maternal stature, region, wealth quintile, type of toilet facility, and type of cooking fuel had significant associations with stunting. Child's age, sex, and perceived birth weight, mother's BMI, and residence and region showed significant associations with wasting. The study found that child, maternal, and household characteristics were significantly associated with stunting and wasting among children under age 5. CONCLUSION:These findings imply that a multi-sectorial and multidimensional approach is important to address malnutrition in Ethiopia. The education sector should promote reduction of cultural and gender barriers that contribute to childhood malnutrition. The health sector should encourage positive behaviors toward childcare and infant feeding practices. More should be done to help households adopt improved types of toilet facilities and modern types of cooking fuels.

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摘要背景:这项研究的目的是检查埃塞俄比亚5岁以下儿童(0-59个月)的营养状况决定因素。儿童营养不良是几乎一半(45%)儿童死亡的根本原因,特别是在发展中国家的社会经济地位低下的国家。在埃塞俄比亚,发育迟缓的患病率从2005年的47%下降到2016年的39%,但同一时期的浪费发生率变化不大(从11%降至10%)。尽管减少营养不良的发生率有所改善,但目前的进展速度还不足以达到世界卫生组织的全球目标,即到2025年将营养不良减少40%。
方法:本研究使用了2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查(EDHS)的数据。分析使用发育迟缓和消瘦作为因变量,而自变量是儿童,母亲和家庭的特征。使用Logistic回归分析儿童营养状况的决定因素。双变量分析还用于分析因变量和自变量之间的关联。
结果:研究结果表明,孩子的年龄,性别和可感知的出生体重,母亲的教育程度,体重指数(BMI)以及母亲的身材,地区,五分之一的财富,洗手间的类型和烹饪燃料的类型与发育迟缓。儿童的年龄,性别,可感知的出生体重,母亲的BMI,居住地和地区与消瘦显着相关。研究发现,儿童,孕产妇和家庭特征与5岁以下儿童的发育迟缓和消瘦显着相关。
结论:这些发现表明,多部门,多层面的方法对于解决埃塞俄比亚的营养不良具有重要意义。教育部门应促进减少造成儿童营养不良的文化和性别障碍。卫生部门应鼓励儿童保育和婴儿喂养行为方面的积极行为。应该做更多的工作来帮助家庭采用改进的厕所设施和现代的烹调燃料。

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