Solid state fermentation (SSF) was investigated as a means to dispose of two commonly used pesticides, chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate) and atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine). SSF experiments were carried out in bench-scale bioreactors (equipped with CO2 and volatile organic traps) containing a mixture of lignocellulosic materials and a radiolabeled pesticide. Ethyl acetate-extractable, alkali soluble, and alkali insoluble fractions were evaluated for radioactivity following a 60-d incubation period at 40 degrees C. The majority of the [2,6-pyridyl-14C]chlorpyrifos was associated with the ethyl acetate extract (about 74%), 17% was trapped as organic volatiles by polyurethane foam traps and < 0.5% of the chlorpyrifos was mineralized to CO2. Only small amounts of the radioactivity were associated with alkali soluble (0.0003%) and alkali insoluble (0.3%) fractions. In the [14C-U-ring]atrazine bioreactors, very little of the radioactivity volatilized (<0.5%) and less than 0.5% was mineralized to CO2. Approximately 57% of the applied radioactivity was associated with the ethyl acetate extract while 9% and 24% of the radioactivity was associated with the alkali soluble (humic and fulvic acids) and alkali insoluble fractions, respectively. Possible reaction mechanisms by which covalent bonds could be formed between atrazine (or metabolites) and humic substances were investigated. The issue of bound atrazine residue (alkali soluble fraction) was at least partially resolved. Oxidative coupling experiments revealed that formation of covalent bond linkages between amino substituent groups of atrazine residue and humic substances is highly unlikely.

译文

:固态发酵(SSF)作为处理两种常用农药的方法进行了研究,毒死((O,O-二乙基O-(3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基)硫代磷酸酯)和azine去津(2-氯-4-乙基氨基-6-异丙基氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)。 SSF实验是在台式规模的生物反应器(配有CO2和挥发性有机捕集器)中进行的,该反应器包含木质纤维素材料和放射性标记的农药的混合物。在40℃下孵育60天后,评估了可萃取乙酸乙酯,碱溶性和碱不溶性馏分的放射性。大多数[2,6-吡啶基-14C]毒死rif均与乙酸乙酯提取物相关联(约74%),17%被聚氨酯泡沫捕集阱捕集为有机挥发物,而少于0.5%的毒死rif被矿化为CO2。只有少量的放射性与碱溶性(0.0003%)和碱不溶性(0.3%)馏分相关。在[14C-U-环] r去津生物反应器中,极少有挥发的放射性(<0.5%)和不到0.5%的矿化成CO2。施加的放射性的约57%与乙酸乙酯提取物有关,而放射性的9%和24%分别与碱溶性(腐殖酸和黄腐酸)和碱不溶性部分有关。研究了at去津(或代谢产物)与腐殖质之间可能形成共价键的可能的反应机理。结合的r去津残基(碱溶部分)的问题至少得到部分解决。氧化偶联实验表明,在r去津残基的氨基取代基与腐殖质之间形成共价键的可能性极小。

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