Merotelic kinetochore orientation is a kinetochore-microtubule mis-attachment in which a single kinetochore binds microtubules to both spindle poles, rather than just one. Merotelic attachments occur frequently in early mitosis and can induce anaphase lagging chromosomes and aneuploidy if not corrected before anaphase onset. Merotelic kinetochore orientation does not interfere with chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate and does not activate the mitotic spindle checkpoint. However, a correction mechanism for merotelic attachment reduces the number of merotelic kinetochores entering anaphase, thus preventing chromosome mis-segregation. Results from many different studies support the idea that Aurora B kinase plays a critical role in this merotelic correction mechanism by phosphorylating key substrates at the kinetochore and promoting turnover of kinetochore microtubules. In addition, recent studies are starting to identify the possible 'sensors' of the system that would be able to detect the mis-attachment and communicate this to Aurora B. Here, I review these studies and discuss a model for how merotelic kinetochore orientation could be detected and corrected before anaphase onset.

译文

:Merotelic线粒体取向是一种线粒体-微管错配,其中单个线粒体将微管绑定到两个纺锤极,而不仅仅是一个。在早期有丝分裂中,速生分子附着经常发生,如果在后期发生之前不加以纠正,则会导致后期染色体滞后和非整倍性。股线的线粒体方向不会干扰中期板的染色体排列,也不会激活有丝分裂纺锤体检查点。但是,用于介子质附着的校正机制减少了进入后期的介子质动植物的数量,从而防止了染色体的错误分离。来自许多不同研究的结果支持这样的观点,即Aurora B激酶通过使动粒体中的关键底物磷酸化并促进动粒体微管的更新,而在这种线粒体校正机制中发挥关键作用。此外,最近的研究开始确定系统中可能的“传感器”,这些传感器能够检测错误的附着并将其传达给AuroraB。在这里,我回顾这些研究,并讨论介孔线粒体定向如何进行的模型在后期发作之前被检测并纠正。

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