BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aquaporin-4 (AQP4) pool in the perivascular astrocyte membranes has been shown to be critically involved in the formation and dissolution of brain edema. Cerebral edema is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in stroke. It is therefore essential to know whether the perivascular pool of AQP4 is up- or down-regulated after an ischemic insult, because such changes would determine the time course of edema formation. Here we demonstrate by quantitative immunogold cytochemistry that the ischemic striatum and neocortex show distinct patterns of AQP4 expression in the reperfusion phase after 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The striatal core displays a loss of perivascular AQP4 at 24 hr of reperfusion with no sign of subsequent recovery. The most affected part of the cortex also exhibits loss of perivascular AQP4. This loss is of magnitude similar to that of the striatal core, but it shows a partial recovery toward 72 hr of reperfusion. By freeze fracture we show that the loss of perivascular AQP4 is associated with the disappearance of the square lattices of particles that normally are distinct features of the perivascular astrocyte membrane. The cortical border zone differs from the central part of the ischemic lesion by showing no loss of perivascular AQP4 at 24 hr of reperfusion but rather a slight increase. These data indicate that the size of the AQP4 pool that controls the exchange of fluid between brain and blood during edema formation and dissolution is subject to large and region-specific changes in the reperfusion phase.

背景与目标： : 血管周围星形胶质细胞膜中的aquaporin-4 (AQP4) 池已被证明与脑水肿的形成和溶解密切相关。脑水肿是中风发病和死亡的主要原因。因此，必须了解缺血性损伤后AQP4的血管周围池是上调还是下调，因为这种变化将决定水肿形成的时间过程。在这里，我们通过定量免疫金细胞化学证明，在大脑中动脉闭塞90分钟后，缺血纹状体和新皮层在再灌注阶段显示出不同的AQP4表达模式。再灌注24小时时，纹状体核心显示血管周围AQP4丢失，没有随后恢复的迹象。皮质中受影响最大的部分也表现出血管周围aqp4的损失。这种损失的幅度与纹状体核心的损失相似，但在再灌注72小时后显示部分恢复。通过冷冻断裂，我们表明血管周围AQP4的丢失与颗粒的正方形晶格的消失有关，这些正方形晶格通常是血管周围星形胶质细胞膜的独特特征。皮质边界区与缺血性病变的中央部分不同，在再灌注24小时时未显示血管周围AQP4的丢失，但略有增加。这些数据表明，在水肿形成和溶解过程中控制大脑和血液之间流体交换的AQP4池的大小在再灌注阶段会发生较大且区域特定的变化。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Modelling and calculations are presented as a first step towards mechanistic interpretation and prediction of radiation effects based on the spectrum of initial DNA damage produced by low energy electrons (100 eV-4.5 keV) that can be compared with experimental information. Relative yields of single and clustered strand breaks are presented in terms of complexity and source of damage, either by direct energy deposition or by reaction of OH radicals, and dependence on the activation probability of OH radicals and the amount of energy required to give a single strand break (ssb). Data show that the majority of interactions in DNA do not lead to damage in the form of strand breaks and when they do occur, they are most frequently simple ssb. However, for double-strand breaks (dsb), a high proportion (approximately 30%) are of more complex forms, even without considering additional complexity from base damage. The greater contribution is from direct interactions in the DNA but reactions of OH radicals add substantially to this, both in terms of the total number of breaks and in increasing the complexity within a cluster. It has been shown that the lengths of damaged segments of DNA from individual electron tracks tend to be short, indicating that consequent deletion length (simply by loss of a fragment between nearby dsb) would be short, very seldom exceeding a few tens of base pairs.

背景与目标： 建模和计算是基于低能电子 (100 eV-4.5 keV) 产生的初始DNA损伤谱的辐射效应的机械解释和预测的第一步，可以与实验信息进行比较。通过直接能量沉积或OH自由基的反应，以及对OH自由基的激活概率和产生所需能量的依赖，以复杂性和损伤来源表示单链断裂 (ssb)。数据表明，DNA中的大多数相互作用不会以链断裂的形式导致损伤，当它们发生时，它们最常见的是简单的ssb。然而，对于双链断裂 (dsb)，高比例 (约30%) 是更复杂的形式，甚至不考虑来自基础损伤的额外复杂性。更大的贡献来自DNA中的直接相互作用，但是OH自由基的反应在断裂总数和增加簇内的复杂性方面都大大增加了这一点。已经表明，来自单个电子轨道的DNA受损片段的长度往往很短，这表明随之而来的缺失长度 (仅通过附近dsb之间的片段丢失) 将很短，很少超过几十个碱基对。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The authors present their experience of secondary cholesteatomas of the middle ear explored by computerized tomography (CT). Following a brief anatomicopathological description of secondary petrous bone cholesteatomas, and of the CT technique used for their exploration, they describe and illustrate the classical "bag-shaped" internal or external attical forms usually extended to the antrum and the mastoid process, and the less common locations often due to relapse or postoperative recurrences (anterior hypotympanic or posterior mastoidal). The holotympanic forms, usually due to "lamellar" cholesteatomas, create diagnostic problems with other opacities in the cavity, as also do certain forms that are evacuated spontaneously or by aspiration. One of the qualities of CT lies in the preoperative extension assessment. The lesion may extend towards the internal wall of the cavity (lateral semicircular canal, second portion of the facial nerve), towards the labyrinth to the petrosal apex and/or the geniculate ganglion, and above all towards the inferior labyrinth which might bring the cholesteatoma into contact with large vessels (e.g. jugular vein bulb for postero-inferior extensions, carotid canal for antero-inferior extensions). Extension into anfractuosities of the cavity walls (sinus tympani, subratubal fossette) must be systematically looked for in order to avoid postoperative recurrences.

背景与目标： 作者介绍了通过计算机断层扫描 (CT) 探索的中耳继发性胆脂瘤的经验。在对继发性岩骨胆脂瘤以及用于其探索的CT技术进行了简要的解剖学病理学描述之后，他们描述并说明了通常扩展到胃窦和乳突过程的经典 “袋状” 内部或外部形态，较不常见的位置通常是由于复发或术后复发 (前低潮或后乳突)。通常由于 “层状” 胆脂瘤引起的全鼓形式，会在腔内产生其他混浊的诊断问题，以及自发或通过抽吸抽空的某些形式。CT的质量之一在于术前扩展评估。病变可以向腔的内壁 (外侧半规管，面神经的第二部分) 延伸，向迷宫延伸到岩骨尖和/或膝状神经节，最重要的是走向下迷宫，这可能会使胆脂瘤与大血管接触 (例如颈静脉球用于后下方延伸，颈动脉管用于前下方延伸)。为了避免术后复发，必须系统地寻找延伸到腔壁的骨折 (鼓室窦，支气管下窝)。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A diagnosis of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) remains problematic because of its bland-looking histologic features that can be potentially confused with other benign or low-grade fibromyxoid lesions. Recent cytogenetic and molecular analyses have shown that most LGFMSs have a characteristic chromosomal abnormality, t(7;16)(q33;p11), resulting in the FUS-CREB3L2 fusion gene. However, such assays have only rarely been used to analyze formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. In the present study, we conducted a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the FUS-CREB3L2 fusion transcripts using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue specimens from 16 LGFMSs including 3 cases with giant collagen rosettes. The primers were newly designed to specifically amplify most of the junctional regions of the FUS-CREB3L2 fusion gene transcripts previously reported. The FUS-CREB3L2 fusion gene transcripts were detected in 14/16 (88%) cases of LGFMS. A nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR products revealed that different portions of the FUS exon 6 or 7 were fused with various sites of the CREB3L2 exon 5, resulting in 12 different nucleotide sequences. We also tested a primer set to detect the FUS-CREB3L1 fusion transcript, which is a rare variant of the gene fusion in LGFMS, although no PCR products were identified in any case. The FUS-CREB3L2 fusion transcripts were not detected in any of the 123 other soft-tissue tumors, including desmoid-type fibromatoses, myxofibrosarcomas, soft-tissue perineuriomas, and congenital or adult fibrosarcomas. These data suggest that our reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay is a reliable method to detect FUS-CREB3L2, which can thus help in accurately diagnosing LGFMS.

背景与目标： : 低度纤维粘液样肉瘤 (LGFMS) 的诊断仍然存在问题，因为其外观平淡无奇的组织学特征可能与其他良性或低度纤维粘液样病变相混淆。最近的细胞遗传学和分子分析表明，大多数lgfms具有特征性的染色体异常t(7;16)(q33;p11)，导致FUS-CREB3L2融合基因。然而，这种测定很少用于分析福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋的肿瘤样品。在本研究中，我们进行了逆转录聚合酶链反应分析，以使用来自16个lgfms的福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋的肿瘤组织标本 (包括3例巨大的胶原玫瑰花结) 检测FUS-CREB3L2融合转录本。新设计了引物，以特异性扩增先前报道的FUS-CREB3L2融合基因转录物的大部分连接区域。在14/16 (88%) 例LGFMS中检测到FUS-CREB3L2融合基因转录本。PCR产物的核苷酸序列分析表明，FUS外显子6或7的不同部分与CREB3L2外显子5的不同位点融合，产生12种不同的核苷酸序列。我们还测试了引物集以检测FUS-CREB3L1融合转录本，这是LGFMS中基因融合的罕见变体，尽管在任何情况下均未鉴定出PCR产物。在123种其他软组织肿瘤中均未检测到FUS-CREB3L2的融合转录物，包括纤维瘤型纤维瘤，粘液纤维肉瘤，软组织神经瘤和先天性或成人纤维肉瘤。这些数据表明，我们的逆转录-聚合酶链反应测定法是检测FUS-CREB3L2的可靠方法，因此可以帮助准确诊断LGFMS。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:A novel classification of alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtypes (High, Low) was applied to human benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissue. METHODS:Human BPH specimens were examined by a radioligand binding assay method using 3H-prazosin, and those data were compared with preoperative therapies. RESULTS:(1) Scatchard analysis showed a high-affinity site (Kd:27.18 +/- 6.41 pM; Bmax:9.29 +/- 0.98 fM/mg protein; mean +/- SE) as alpha 1H, and a low-affinity site (Kd: 4088.0 +/- 744.34 pM, Bmax: 140.81 +/- 19.98 fM/mg protein) as alpha 1L subtype, for prazosin. (2) The Kd and Bmax were not different in the nontreated group (n = 5), alpha 1 blocker group (n = 5), and antiandrogen group (n = 5), in either alpha 1-high affinity or alpha 1-low affinity subtype. (3) Phenoxybenzamine had different pKi values for the above two adrenoceptor subtypes. Scatchard analysis showed that alpha 1-high affinity binding site disappeared in the presence of 1 microM of phenoxybenzamine, and the Kd and Bmax values in the presence of 1 microM of phenoxybenzamine were almost identical to the alpha 1-low affinity site of the two subtypes. CONCLUSIONS:Human BPH tissue possesses both alpha 1H- and alpha 1L-adrenoceptor subtypes according to the affinities for prazosin, and only the alpha 1H subtype can be completely inhibited by some concentration of phenoxybenzamine. Treatment by alpha 1 blocker may not change the conditions of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in prostatic tissue.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Etoposide produces reversible inhibition of topoisomerase II, leading to cleavage of DNA, and thereby has an antitumor effect. This mechanism suggests that the longer treatment is continued, the greater the antitumor effect will be. In the present study, both therapeutic and adverse effects of long-term treatment with low-dose oral etoposide were studied in 29 patients aged > or = 65 years with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) for whom standard chemotherapy was not effective or refractory. These patients received etoposide at a dose of 50 mg/d for as long as possible. Treatment was continued until white blood cell count decreased to < or = 2,000/microL or the platelet count decreased to < or = 5 x 10(4)/microL. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of therapeutic effects, 6 (20.7%) of the 29 patients achieved complete remission and 13 patients (44.8%) had partial remission, for a response rate of 65.5%. Adverse effects of > or = grade 3 included leukopenia in 24 patients (82.8%) and anemia in 7 (24.1%). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was given in combination with etoposide to eight patients because of leukopenia (granulocyte count < or = 1,000/microL). In view of the excellent subjective tolerance, low incidence of serious adverse effects, and good activity, single agent oral etoposide given continuously over prolonged periods represents a useful treatment for elderly patients with NHL.

背景与目标： 依托泊苷产生拓扑异构酶II的可逆抑制，导致DNA裂解，从而具有抗肿瘤作用。这种机制表明，持续治疗的时间越长，抗肿瘤作用就越大。在本研究中，对29例年龄> 或 = 65岁的非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) 患者进行了低剂量口服依托泊苷长期治疗的治疗和不良反应的研究，这些患者的标准化疗无效或难治性。这些患者尽可能长时间地接受依托泊苷50 mg/d的剂量。继续治疗直到白细胞计数降低至 <或 = 2,000/microL或血小板计数降低至 <或 = 5 × 10(4)/microL。根据治疗效果的世卫组织标准，29例患者中有6例 (20.7% 例) 完全缓解，13例 (44.8% 例) 部分缓解，缓解率为65.5%。> or = 3级的不良反应包括白细胞减少24例 (82.8%) 和贫血7例 (24.1%)。由于白细胞减少 (粒细胞计数 <或 = 1,000/microL)，将八名患者与依托泊苷联合给予粒细胞集落刺激因子 (g-csf)。鉴于其良好的主观耐受性，低的严重不良反应发生率和良好的活性，长期连续给予单药口服依托泊苷代表了对老年NHL患者的有用治疗。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:To examine the analytic role of arsenic exposure on cancer mortality among the low-dose (well water arsenic level <150 μg/L) villages in the Blackfoot-disease (BFD) endemic area of southwest Taiwan and with respect to the southwest regional data. METHOD:Poisson analyses of the bladder and lung cancer deaths with respect to arsenic exposure (μg/kg/day) for the low-dose (<150 μg/L) villages with exposure defined by the village median, mean, or maximum and with or without regional data. RESULTS:Use of the village median well water arsenic level as the exposure metric introduced misclassification bias by including villages with levels >500 μg/L, but use of the village mean or the maximum did not. Poisson analyses using mean or maximum arsenic levels showed significant negative cancer slope factors for models of bladder cancers and of bladder and lung cancers combined. Inclusion of the southwest Taiwan regional data did not change the findings when the model contained an explanatory variable for non-arsenic differences. A positive slope could only be generated by including the comparison population as a separate data point with the assumption of zero arsenic exposure from drinking water and eliminating the variable for non-arsenic risk factors. CONCLUSION:The cancer rates are higher among the low-dose (<150 μg/L) villages in the BFD area than in the southwest Taiwan region. However, among the low-dose villages in the BFD area, cancer risks suggest a negative association with well water arsenic levels. Positive differences from regional data seem attributable to non-arsenic ecological factors.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The Z-Scan (ZS) technique in the thermal regime has been used to measure the nonlinear optical response of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The ZS technique is carried out in LDL from 40 patients with chronic periodontitis before and after three, six, and 12 months of periodontal treatment. Clinical parameters such as probing depths, bleeding on probing, total and differential white blood cells counts, lipid profiles, cytokine levels, and antibodies against oxidized LDL are also determined and compared over time. Before the treatment, the ZS experimental results reveal that the LDL particles of these patients are heavily modified. Only after 12 months of the periodontal treatment, the ZS results obtained reveal behavioral characteristics of healthy particles. This conclusion is also supported by complementary laboratorial analysis showing that the periodontal treatment induces systemic changes in several inflammatory markers.

背景与目标： : 热状态下的Z扫描 (ZS) 技术已用于测量低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 的非线性光学响应。ZS技术是在牙周治疗3、6和12个月之前和之后对40例慢性牙周炎患者的LDL进行的。还可以确定临床参数，例如探测深度，探测出血，白细胞总数和差异计数，脂质分布，细胞因子水平以及针对氧化LDL的抗体，并随时间进行比较。治疗前，ZS实验结果表明，这些患者的LDL颗粒已被严重修饰。仅在牙周治疗12个月后，获得的ZS结果才显示出健康颗粒的行为特征。该结论也得到补充实验室分析的支持，该分析表明牙周治疗可引起几种炎症标志物的全身变化。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive form of brain stimulation, has shown experimental and clinical efficacy in a range of neuromodulatory models, even when delivered at low intensity (i.e. subthreshold for action potential generation). After central nervous system (CNS) injury, studies suggest that reactive astrocytes and microglia can have detrimental but also beneficial effects; thus modulating glial activity, for example through application of rTMS, could potentially be a useful therapeutic tool following neurotrauma. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the effect of low intensity rTMS (LI-rTMS) on GFAP (astrocyte), IBA1 (microglial), and CS56 (proteoglycan) expression in a unilateral penetrating cortical stab injury model of glial scarring in young adult and aged male and female C57BL6/J mice. Mice received contralateral low frequency, ipsilateral low frequency, ipsilateral high frequency or sham LI-rTMS (4-5mT intensity), for two weeks following injury. There was no significant difference in the overall volume of tissue containing GFAP positive (+) astrocytes, IBA1+ microglia, or proteoglycan expression, between sham and LI-rTMS-treated mice of all ages and sex. Importantly however, the density of GFAP+ astrocytes and IBA1+ microglia immediately adjacent to the injury was significantly reduced following ipsilateral low and high frequency stimulation in adult and aged females (p≤0.05), but was significantly increased in adult and aged males (p≤0.05). LI-rTMS effects were generally of greater magnitude in aged mice compared to young adult mice. These results suggest that sex differences need to be factored into therapeutic rTMS protocols. In particular, more work analyzing frequency and intensity specific effects, especially in relation to age and sex, is required to determine how rTMS can best be used to modify glial reactivity and phenotype following neurotrauma.

背景与目标： 重复经颅磁刺激 (rTMS) 是一种非侵入性的脑刺激形式，即使在低强度 (即动作电位产生的亚阈值) 下，也已在一系列神经调节模型中显示出实验和临床功效。中枢神经系统 (CNS) 损伤后，研究表明反应性星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞可能具有有害但有益的作用; 因此，例如通过应用rTMS调节神经胶质活性，可能是神经创伤后有用的治疗工具。免疫组织化学用于测量低强度rTMS (LI-rTMS) 对年轻成年和老年C57BL6/J小鼠单侧穿透性皮质瘢痕损伤模型中GFAP (星形胶质细胞)，IBA1 (小胶质细胞) 和CS56 (蛋白聚糖) 表达的影响。损伤后两周，小鼠接受对侧低频，同侧低频，同侧高频或假LI-rTMS (4-5mT强度)。在所有年龄和性别的sham和LI-rTMS治疗的小鼠之间，含有GFAP阳性 () 星形胶质细胞，IBA1小胶质细胞或蛋白聚糖表达的组织的总体积均无显着差异。然而，重要的是，在同侧低频和高频刺激后，与损伤紧邻的GFAP + 星形胶质细胞和IBA1 + 小胶质细胞的密度在成年和老年女性中显著降低 (p ≤ 0.05)，但在成年和老年男性中显著增加 (p ≤ 0.05)。与年轻的成年小鼠相比，老年小鼠的LI-rTMS效应通常更大。这些结果表明，需要将性别差异纳入治疗性rTMS方案。特别是，需要更多的工作来分析频率和强度的特定影响，尤其是与年龄和性别有关的影响，以确定rTMS如何最好地用于改变神经创伤后的神经胶质反应性和表型。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :In order to understand the effect of pH on the formation of electrostatic complexes between lysozyme and low methoxyl (LM) pectin, mixtures were prepared at a fixed lysozyme concentration (0.714g.L-1) by progressive addition of LM pectin (from 0 to 4g.L-1). Turbidity analysis allowed to determine specific conditions of pH and lysozyme/LM pectin ratio for optimal complex aggregation. The intrinsic fluorescence enhancement observed upon binding of LM pectin to lysozyme was correlated with the formation of intermolecular aggregates. Conversely, the intrinsic fluorescence decrease observed at higher LM pectin amounts was correlated with the dissociation of intermolecular aggregates. UV absorption spectroscopy showed modifications in lysozyme conformation during both the aggregation phase and the dissociation phase. The role of electrostatic interactions in the formation of lysozyme/LM pectin complexes is discussed in relation to the overall structure and the charge density profile of the two biopolymers.

背景与目标： 为了了解pH对溶菌酶和低甲氧基 (LM) 果胶之间静电复合物形成的影响，通过逐渐加入LM果胶 (0至4g.L-1)，在固定的溶菌酶浓度 (0.714g.L-1) 下制备混合物。浊度分析可以确定pH和溶菌酶/LM果胶比率的特定条件，以实现最佳的复合聚集。LM果胶与溶菌酶结合后观察到的固有荧光增强与分子间聚集体的形成有关。相反，在较高的LM果胶量下观察到的固有荧光降低与分子间聚集体的解离有关。紫外吸收光谱显示，在聚集相和解离相中，溶菌酶构象都发生了变化。讨论了静电相互作用在溶菌酶/LM果胶复合物形成中的作用，涉及两种生物聚合物的整体结构和电荷密度分布。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Cognitive dysfunction syndrome is a major disease affecting old cats and is the consequence of severe and irreversible loss of brain cells and brain atrophy. The present study focused on the hypothesis that the optimal strategy for promoting successful brain ageing is to target risk factors associated with brain ageing and dementia. We used a nutritional strategy involving supplementation with a blend of nutrients (antioxidants, arginine, B vitamins and fish oil) to test this hypothesis. Middle-aged and old cats between 5·5 and 8·7 years of age were assigned to cognitively equivalent control or treatment groups based on prior cognitive experience and performance on baseline cognitive tests. The cats in the treatment group were maintained on a diet supplemented with the nutrient blend and the cats in the control group were maintained on the identical base diet without the additional supplementation. After an initial wash-in period, all cats were tested on a battery of cognitive test protocols. The cats fed the test diet showed significantly better performance on three of four test protocols: a protocol assessing egocentric learning, a protocol assessing discrimination and reversal learning and a protocol focused on acquisition of a spatial memory task. The results support the hypothesis that brain function of middle-aged and old cats can be improved by the nutrient blend that was selected to minimise or eliminate the risk factors associated with brain ageing and dementia.

背景与目标： : 认知功能障碍综合征是影响老猫的主要疾病，是严重且不可逆转的脑细胞丧失和脑萎缩的后果。本研究的重点是以下假设: 促进成功的大脑衰老的最佳策略是针对与大脑衰老和痴呆症相关的危险因素。我们使用了一种营养策略，包括补充营养素 (抗氧化剂，精氨酸，b族维生素和鱼油)，以检验这一假设。根据先前的认知经验和基线认知测试的表现，将5·5至8·7岁的中年和老年猫分配到认知上等效的对照组或治疗组。治疗组中的猫维持在补充营养混合物的饮食中，而对照组中的猫维持在相同的基础饮食中，而无需额外补充。在最初的冲洗期后，所有猫都接受了一系列认知测试协议的测试。喂养测试饮食的猫在四个测试协议中的三个协议中表现出明显更好的性能: 评估以自我为中心的学习的协议，评估歧视和逆转学习的协议以及专注于获取空间记忆任务的协议。结果支持以下假设: 可以通过选择营养混合物来改善中老年猫的脑功能，以最大程度地减少或消除与脑衰老和痴呆症相关的危险因素。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of bone defects in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. METHODS:28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. 14 animals received a single dose of STZ intraperitoneally (65 mg/kg) to induce Type I DM, whereas others were injected only with sterile saline solution. Four weeks later, standard bone defects were created in the tibiae of rats. Surgical wounds in one group from each of the diabetic and non-diabetic animals were irradiated with diode laser for every other day for 4 weeks and they were described as DM + LLLT and CONT + LLLT groups, respectively. Remaining two groups received no laser treatment. New bone formation, osteoblast and blood vessel counts were calculated in histologic sections. RESULTS:DM group had significantly smaller bone area and lower blood vessel count when compared to DM + LLLT, CONT and CONT + LLLT groups (p < 0.05 for each). CONT and CONT + LLLT groups had significantly larger bone area than DM + LLLT group (p < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS:LLLT application promoted vascularization and new bone formation in animals with DM to a limited extent, since it was unable to support the healing process up to the level of non-diabetic animals.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Isolated tomato fruit cuticles were subjected to low dose (80Gy) γ-irradiation, as a potential methodology to prevent harvested fruit and vegetables spoilage. Both irradiated and non-irradiated samples have been morphologically and chemically characterized by scanning electron (SEM), atomic force (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. Additionally, electrochemical measurements comprising membrane potential and diffusive permeability were carried out to detect modifications in transport properties of the cuticle as the fruit primary protective membrane. It has been found that low dose γ-irradiation causes some textural changes on the surface but no significant chemical modification. Texture modification is found to be due to a partial removal of outermost (epicuticular) waxes which is accompanied by mild changes of electrochemical parameters such as the membrane fixed charge, cation transport number and salt permeability. The modification of such parameters indicates a slight reduction of the barrier properties of the cuticle upon low dose γ-irradiation.

背景与目标： : 对分离的番茄果实角质层进行低剂量 (80Gy) γ 辐照，作为防止收获的水果和蔬菜变质的潜在方法。辐照和未辐照样品均已通过扫描电子 (SEM)，原子力 (AFM)，衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外 (atr-ftir) 和x射线光电子 (XPS) 光谱进行了形态和化学表征。此外，进行了包含膜电位和扩散渗透性的电化学测量，以检测作为水果初级保护膜的角质层的运输特性的变化。已经发现，低剂量的 γ 辐照会在表面上引起一些质地变化，但没有明显的化学修饰。发现纹理修饰是由于部分去除最外层 (表皮) 蜡，并伴随着电化学参数的轻微变化，例如膜固定电荷，阳离子迁移数和盐渗透性。这些参数的修改表明，在低剂量 γ 辐照下，角质层的阻隔性能略有降低。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Accuracy of bone marrow (BM) blast count in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) still remains a challenge though it is essential for prognosis. We investigated whether the enumeration of CD34+ myeloid cells by flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) could be used as a consistent parameter for clinical MDS studies. METHODS:Six clinical centers entered the study and information on their FCI protocols was recorded. Sixty-seven flow cytometry listmodes from BM samples of patients with low-risk MDS with <5% BM blasts were exchanged among participants in two different rounds. Interlaboratory variations on the quantification of CD34+ myeloid cells were calculated and strategies to solve differences were evaluated. RESULTS:An overall "very good" agreement on CD34+ cell count among participants (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.720) was observed, but agreement was "low" in 22 files. No single parameter could fully explain all discrepancies, but 3 technical issues were identified as relevant: the use of the CD34/CD45/CD117/HLA-DR mAb combination, acquisition of ≥50,000 events and a low percentage of debris/aggregates. The frequency of discordant results increased with the accumulation of pitfalls (none, 16%; 1 pitfall, 40%; 2 pitfalls, 83%; P = 0.006). Finally, the use of a common gating strategy for analysis increased the percentage of files with "very good" agreement to 100%. CONCLUSIONS:Prevention of specific technical pitfalls is mandatory to reach a good reproducibility of CD34+ cell count among centers. These recommendations set the basis for laboratory standardization and enable the use of CD34+ cell enumeration as additional information in low-risk MDS patients. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The use of fillers for nonsurgical rhinoplasty has advanced in both materials and methods, and continues to gain popularity in North America. This technique is most often used for secondary revisions, although reports of fillers used in primary rhinoplasty in selected patients have been recently described. The present report details the use of a hyaluronic acid dermal filler in a young Middle Eastern man for a post-traumatic crooked nose deformity. Primary correction of the patient's right-sided nasal bone deviation using hyaluronic acid as a soft tissue filler was achieved with excellent results and patient satisfaction. The current use of fillers in nasal contouring is reviewed.

背景与目标： : 在非手术鼻整形术中使用填充物在材料和方法上都取得了进步，并在北美继续受到欢迎。尽管最近已经描述了在选定患者的初次鼻整形术中使用填充物的报道，但该技术最常用于二次修订。本报告详细介绍了一名中东年轻人在创伤后弯曲鼻子畸形中使用透明质酸皮肤填充剂的情况。使用透明质酸作为软组织填充剂对患者的右侧鼻骨偏斜进行了初步矫正，效果极佳，患者满意。回顾了填充剂在鼻腔轮廓中的当前使用。