BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Acute stress reactions (ASR) and postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are frequent after childbirth. The present study addresses the change and overlap of ASR and PDS from the 1- to 3-week postpartum and examines the interplay of caregiver support and subjective birth experience with regard to the development of ASR/PDS within a longitudinal path model. METHOD:A total of 219 mothers completed questionnaires about caregiver support and subjective birth experience (Salmon's Item List) at 48-6-h postpartum. ASR and PDS were measured for 1- and 3-week postpartum. The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to assess ASR, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess PDS. RESULTS:ASR was frequent 1-week postpartum (44.7%) and declined till week 3 (24.8%, p <.001), while the prevalence of PDS was continuous (14.2% week 1; 12.6% week 3; p = .380). Favorable reports of caregiver support were related to better subjective childbirth experience, which was related to lower ASR and PDS (controlled for age, mode of delivery, parity, EDA and duration of childbirth). CONCLUSION:High quality of intrapartum care and positive birth experiences facilitate psychological adjustment in the first 3-week postpartum.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Predicted maturity offset and age at peak height velocity are increasingly used with youth athletes, although validation studies of the equations indicated major limitations. The equations have since been modified and simplified. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to validate the new maturity offset prediction equations in independent longitudinal samples of boys and girls. METHODS:Two new equations for boys with chronological age and sitting height and chronological age and stature as predictors, and one equation for girls with chronological age and stature as predictors were evaluated in serial data from the Wrocław Growth Study, 193 boys (aged 8-18 years) and 198 girls (aged 8-16 years). Observed age at peak height velocity for each youth was estimated with the Preece-Baines Model 1. The original prediction equations were included for comparison. Predicted age at peak height velocity was the difference between chronological age at prediction and maturity offset. RESULTS:Predicted ages at peak height velocity with the new equations approximated observed ages at peak height velocity in average maturing boys near the time of peak height velocity; a corresponding window for average maturing girls was not apparent. Compared with observed age at peak height velocity, predicted ages at peak height velocity with the new and original equations were consistently later in early maturing youth and earlier in late maturing youth of both sexes. Predicted ages at peak height velocity with the new equations had reduced variation compared with the original equations and especially observed ages at peak height velocity. Intra-individual variation in predicted ages at peak height velocity with all equations was considerable. CONCLUSION:The new equations are useful for average maturing boys close to the time of peak height velocity; there does not appear to be a clear window for average maturing girls. The new and original equations have major limitations with early and late maturing boys and girls.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:Older people constitute a significant proportion of the total population and their number is projected to increase by more than half by 2030. This increasing probability of late survival comes with considerable individual, economic and social impact. Physical activity (PA) can influence the ageing process but the specific relationship with healthy ageing (HA) is unclear. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the associations of PA with HA. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception as January 2017. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size (ES) and 95% CIs. Studies were assessed for methodological quality. RESULTS:Overall, 23 studies were identified including 174,114 participants (30% men) with age ranges from 20 to 87 years old. There was considerable heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of HA and PA. Most of the identified studies reported a significant positive association of PA with HA, six reported a non-significant. Meta-analysis revealed that PA is positively associated with HA (ES: 1.39, 95% CI=1.23-1.57, n=17) even if adjusted for publication bias (ES: 1.27, 95% CI=1.11-1.45, n=20). CONCLUSIONS:There is consistent evidence from longitudinal observational studies that PA is positively associated with HA, regardless of definition and measurement. Future research should focus on the implementation of a single metric of HA, on the use of objective measures for PA assessment and on a full-range of confounding adjustment. In addition, our research indicated the limited research on ageing in low-and-middle income countries.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To examine the mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors prospectively during the asylum-seeking process, with a focus on specific stages in the asylum process, such as age assessment, placement in a supportive or non-supportive facility and final decision on the asylum applications. DESIGN:This was a2½ year follow-up study of unaccompanied minors (UM) seeking asylum in Norway. Data were collected within three weeks (n=138) and at 4 months (n=101), 15 months (n=84) and 26 months (n=69) after arrival. SETTING:Initially in an observation and orientation centre for unaccompanied asylum-seeking adolescents, and subsequently wherever the UM were located in other refugee facilities in Norway. PARTICIPANTS:Male UM from Afghanistan, Somalia, Algeria and Iran. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mental health symptoms assessed by Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. RESULTS:At the group level, the young asylum seekers reported high levels of psychological distress on arrival and symptom levels that stayed relatively unchanged over time. According to age-assessment procedures, 56% of the population were not recognised as minors. Subsequent placement in a low-support facility was associated with higher levels of psychological distress in the follow-up period. Those who were placed in a reception centre for adults had higher levels of psychological distress symptoms both after 15 months and 26 months compared with the remaining participants who were placed in reception centres for youth. Refusal of asylum was highly associated with higher levels of psychological distress. CONCLUSION:Mental health trajectory of young asylum seekers appears to be negatively affected by low support and refusal of asylum.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:We determined the longitudinal association of glucose metabolism with retinopathy in a sample of the Australian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:The Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study is a national, longitudinal study of adults aged > or =25 years from 42 randomly selected areas of Australia. Retinopathy was assessed at baseline in 1999-2000 and 5 years later in 2004-2005 in participants identified as having diabetes (based on self-report and oral glucose tolerance test) and impaired glucose metabolism and in a random sample with normal glucose tolerance. Complete retinal data were available for 1,192 participants. Photographs were graded at two time points according to a simplified version of the Wisconsin grading system. RESULTS:The 5-year incidences of retinopathy were 13.9 and 3.0% among those with known and newly diagnosed diabetes at baseline, respectively. Of those who developed incident newly diagnosed diabetes at follow-up, 11.9% had retinopathy at baseline compared with 5.6% of those who did not progress to incident newly diagnosed diabetes (P = 0.037). After adjustment for factors identified as risk factors for diabetes, individuals with retinopathy signs at baseline were twice as likely to develop incident newly diagnosed diabetes compared with those who did not have retinopathy signs at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:The 5-year incidence of retinopathy was 13.9% among individuals with known diabetes. Nondiabetic individuals with retinopathy signs at baseline had a twofold higher risk of developing incident newly diagnosed diabetes 5 years later. This result provides further evidence that mild retinopathy signs may be a preclinical marker of underlying microvascular disease and future diabetes risk.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :A mathematical model is presented to study the motion of the spermatozoa in the cervical canal by considering the transverse waves along its tail and the transverse and longitudinal motions of the cervical wall. In an attempt to control fertility by reducing the speed of sperm, the transverse waves have been considered in the direction opposite to the motion of the spermatozoa. It has been shown that by having appropriate transverse wave motion and longitudinal velocity, the sperm may not be able to move towards the oviduct even if it could continue to have its own propelling velocity. A particular case of the motion of a thin plane sheet in a channel under peristaltic motion of its walls has also been obtained and studied.

背景与目标： : 提出了一个数学模型，通过考虑沿其尾部的横波以及子宫颈壁的横向和纵向运动来研究精子在子宫颈管内的运动。为了通过降低精子的速度来控制生育能力，已将横波视为与精子运动相反的方向。已经表明，通过具有适当的横波运动和纵向速度，即使精子可以继续具有自己的推进速度，也可能无法向输卵管移动。还获得并研究了薄平面在通道壁蠕动下在通道中运动的特殊情况。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:To longitudinally assess the receptive and expressive language functioning of children with symptomatic HIV disease and to explore the relationship between immune status, computed tomography (CT) brain scan abnormalities, and language dysfunction over time. METHODS:Children with symptomatic HIV infection were administered an age-appropriate standardized comprehensive language test and general cognitive measure prior to starting antiretroviral therapy (n = 44) and again after 6 months (n = 29) and 24 months (n = 17). CD4 percentage and CT brain scans were also obtained at each evaluation. RESULTS:Expressive language was significantly more impaired than receptive language at the baseline, 6- and 24-month evaluations. No significant changes over time were found in receptive or expressive language from baseline to after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy, but despite treatment, language scores declined significantly between 6 and 24 months. Overall cognitive function, however, remained stable from baseline to 24 months. Age-adjusted CD4 percentage increased significantly over the initial 6 months, then remained stable. Overall CT brain scan severity ratings did not change significantly over 24 months. CONCLUSION:Expressive language was consistently more impaired than receptive language over 24 months, further supporting an earlier finding that expressive language was differentially affected by HIV in children with symptomatic disease. Both receptive and expressive language declined significantly after 24 months despite antiretroviral therapy, although overall cognitive function remained stable. Thus, functioning in some domains may be more vulnerable to the effects of HIV and global measures of cognitive ability may mask such differential changes in specific brain functions.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND:To examine dementia characteristics, age at onset and associated comorbidities in persons with Down syndrome. METHOD:Seventy-seven people with Down syndrome aged 35 years and older were followed longitudinally. The diagnosis of dementia was established using the modified International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) criteria and a combination of objective and informant-based tests. Cognitive tests included the Test for Severe Impairment and the Down Syndrome Mental Status Examination; adaptive behaviour was measured using the Daily Living Skills Questionnaire. The Dementia Questionnaire for Mental Retarded Persons (DMR) was added to the test battery in 2005 and this study includes follow-up data for this instrument. RESULTS:Over the 14-year period the average age of diagnosis at 55.41 years (SD = 7.14) was in the higher range of previously reported estimates (51-56 years) and a median survival of 7 years after diagnosis. Persons with dementia in the sample were significantly older than persons without dementia. The presence of dementia was also associated with epilepsy and sensory impairments. Among instruments the DMR appeared most sensitive to tracking change in symptoms over time before diagnosis. CONCLUSION:The previously reported high risk levels for dementia among people with Down syndrome was confirmed in these data as was the value of the instruments utilised in tracking decline and helping to confirm diagnosis even in persons with severe intellectual disability.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Anxiety is common in patients experiencing neurocritical illness and their family caregivers. Resilience factors like mindfulness and coping skills may be protective against symptoms of emotional distress, including anxiety. Less is known about the interplay of anxiety symptoms and resilience factors between patients and caregivers. The purpose of this study is to examine the trajectory of anxiety symptoms among dyads of neurocritical care patients without major cognitive impairment and their family caregivers and to elucidate the relationship between resiliency (e.g., mindfulness and coping) and anxiety in these dyads. METHODS:Prospective, longitudinal study of adults admitted to the neurological intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU) and their caregivers. Dyads of patients (N = 102) and family caregivers (N = 103) completed self-report measures of mindfulness (Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised) and coping (Measure of Current Status-Part A) during Neuro-ICU hospitalization and anxiety symptoms (anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) during hospitalization and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. We used actor-partner interdependence modeling to predict the effect of one's own baseline characteristics on one's own and one's partner's future anxiety symptoms. RESULTS:Rates of clinically significant anxiety symptoms were 40% for patients and 42% for caregivers at baseline. Of these, 20% of patients and 23% of caregivers showed moderate and severe symptoms. Approximately, one-third of patients and caregivers reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, with more than 20% endorsing moderate or severe symptoms. Patients' own baseline mindfulness, coping, and anxiety symptoms were associated with lower anxiety symptoms at all time points (ps < 0.001)-this was also true for caregivers. For both patients and caregivers, one's own baseline mindfulness predicted their partner's anxiety symptoms 3 months later (p = 0.008), but not at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:Anxiety symptoms in Neuro-ICU patient-caregiver dyads are high through 6 months following admission. Mindfulness is interdependent and protective against anxiety in dyads at 3-month but not 6-month follow-up. Early, dyad-based interventions may prevent the development of chronic anxiety in patients without major cognitive impairment and caregivers.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between intrauterine fetal growth patterns and periodontal status in pregnant women. Fifty-three pregnant women were recruited. Periodontitis was diagnosed based on probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Maternal urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels and body mass index were recorded. Ultrasonographic measurements of the biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were recorded, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. In addition, approximation spline curves of BPD, AC, FL, and EFW were obtained throughout the gestation period. Recorded delivery outcomes were gestational age (GA), birth weight and length, sex, placental weight, and umbilical cord length. Forty-four participants (34.1 ± 4.9 years) were analyzed. Mean neonatal birth weight was 2906.0 ± 544.4 g. On multiple regression analysis, birth weight was related with periodontitis (standardized β = -0.21, P = 0.001). For EFW and BPD, the curves of the periodontitis group were located lower than those of the non-periodontitis group, with significant differences after 32 weeks and 20 weeks of GA, respectively. In conclusion, periodontal treatment before conception may be recommended and a good periodontal condition in the early stage of pregnancy at the latest is desirable for infant growth.

背景与目标： : 这项前瞻性队列研究的目的是调查孕妇宫内胎儿生长模式与牙周状况之间的关系。招募了53名孕妇。根据探查袋深度和临床依附水平诊断牙周炎。记录孕妇尿8-羟基-2 '-脱氧鸟苷水平和体重指数。记录双顶径 (BPD)，腹围 (AC) 和股骨长度 (FL) 的超声检查，并计算估计的胎儿体重 (EFW)。此外，在整个妊娠期获得了BPD，AC，FL和EFW的近似样条曲线。记录的分娩结局包括胎龄 (GA)，出生体重和身长，性别，胎盘重量和脐带长度。分析了44名参与者 (34.1   ±   4.9岁)。新生儿平均出生体重2906.0   ±   544.4  g。多元回归分析显示，出生体重与牙周炎相关 (标准化 β   =  -0.21，p   =   0.001)。对于EFW和BPD，牙周炎组的曲线低于非牙周炎组，分别在GA 32周和20周后具有显着差异。总之，建议在怀孕前进行牙周治疗，并且最晚在怀孕初期获得良好的牙周状况对于婴儿生长是可取的。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Regression calibration provides a way to obtain unbiased estimators of fixed effects in regression models when one or more predictors are measured with error. Recent development of measurement error methods has focused on models that include interaction terms between measured-with-error predictors, and separately, methods for estimation in models that account for correlated data. In this work, we derive explicit and novel forms of regression calibration estimators and associated asymptotic variances for longitudinal models that include interaction terms, when data from instrumental and unbiased surrogate variables are available but not the actual predictors of interest. The longitudinal data are fit using linear mixed models that contain random intercepts and account for serial correlation and unequally spaced observations. The motivating application involves a longitudinal study of exposure to two pollutants (predictors) - outdoor fine particulate matter and cigarette smoke - and their association in interactive form with levels of a biomarker of inflammation, leukotriene E4 (LTE 4 , outcome) in asthmatic children. Because the exposure concentrations could not be directly observed, we used measurements from a fixed outdoor monitor and urinary cotinine concentrations as instrumental variables, and we used concentrations of fine ambient particulate matter and cigarette smoke measured with error by personal monitors as unbiased surrogate variables. We applied the derived regression calibration methods to estimate coefficients of the unobserved predictors and their interaction, allowing for direct comparison of toxicity of the different pollutants. We used simulations to verify accuracy of inferential methods based on asymptotic theory.

背景与目标： : 回归校准提供了一种方法，当测量一个或多个预测变量时，可以获得回归模型中固定效应的无偏估计量。测量误差方法的最新发展集中在模型上，该模型包括有误差的测量预测因子之间的交互项，以及分别用于考虑相关数据的模型中的估计方法。在这项工作中，当有工具和无偏替代变量的数据可用但没有实际的预测变量时，我们将得出包含交互项的纵向模型的回归校准估计量和相关的渐近方差的显式和新颖形式。使用线性混合模型拟合纵向数据，该模型包含随机截距，并考虑了序列相关性和不等间距的观测值。激励应用包括纵向研究暴露于两种污染物 (预测因子)-户外细颗粒物和香烟烟雾-以及它们与哮喘儿童炎症生物标志物白三烯E4 (LTE 4，结果) 水平的交互关系。由于无法直接观察到暴露浓度，因此我们使用固定室外监测器的测量值和尿可替宁浓度作为仪器变量，并且我们使用个人监测器错误测量的细环境颗粒物和香烟烟雾的浓度作为无偏替代变量。我们应用派生的回归校准方法来估计未观察到的预测因子及其相互作用的系数，从而可以直接比较不同污染物的毒性。我们使用模拟来验证基于渐近理论的推理方法的准确性。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Impaired everyday function is a diagnostic criterion for dementia, and a determinant of healthcare utilization and caregiver burden. Although many previous studies have demonstrated a cross-sectional relationship between cognition (particularly executive functions and memory) and everyday function in older adults, very little is known about longitudinal relationships between these domains. This study examined the association between longitudinal change in episodic memory (MEM) and executive functioning (EXEC) and change in everyday function. Participants were a cognitively heterogeneous group of 100 elderly persons including those with normal cognition, as well as those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. They were followed for an average of 5 years. Random effects modeling showed that change in both MEM and EXEC were independently associated with rate of change in informant-rated instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), even after controlling for age, education, and gender. Findings indicate that declines in MEM and EXEC over time make unique and independent contributions to declines in older adults' ability to function in daily life.

背景与目标： : 日常功能受损是痴呆症的诊断标准，也是医疗保健利用和护理人员负担的决定因素。尽管以前的许多研究表明，老年人的认知 (尤其是执行功能和记忆) 与日常功能之间存在横截面关系，但对这些领域之间的纵向关系知之甚少。这项研究检查了情节记忆 (MEM) 和执行功能 (EXEC) 的纵向变化与日常功能变化之间的关联。参与者是100名老年人的认知异质组，包括正常认知的老年人以及轻度认知障碍和痴呆的老年人。平均随访5年。随机效应模型表明，即使在控制了年龄，教育程度和性别之后，MEM和EXEC的变化也与信息者评估的日常生活工具性活动 (iadl) 的变化率独立相关。研究结果表明，随着时间的流逝，MEM和EXEC的下降对老年人日常生活能力的下降做出了独特而独立的贡献。

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to derive longitudinal reference values of fetal growth (estimated fetal weight [EFW] and abdominal circumference [AC]) during the third trimester and to develop coefficients for conditional growth assessment. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A prospective cohort study was conducted involving consecutive singleton pregnancies in a low-risk population for a routine third-trimester scan at 30+0-34+6 weeks and follow-up at 37+0-38+6 weeks for an additional ultrasound. Statistical analysis was based on multilevel modeling using MLwiN software. Unconditional centiles were calculated from z-values at each gestational age, and conditional centiles were calculated from z-values at a given measurement (30-34 weeks) and the expected measurement (37-38 weeks). RESULTS:At 30-34 weeks, 8 and 9.3% of the fetuses had an unconditional EFW below the 10th and above the 90th centile, respectively. At 37-38 weeks, these figures were 10.3 and 9.3%, respectively. Regarding the unconditional AC, at the first scan, 8.9 and 9.6% had values below the 10th and above the 90th centile, while at the second scan 10.5 and 10.5% had values below the 10th and above the 90th centile, respectively. The proportion with a conditional EFW below the 10th and above the 90th centile was 10.2 and 9.4% at the second scan, respectively. For conditional AC, these figures were 10.7 and 10.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION:We have produced reference centiles for EFW and AC growth during the third trimester as a useful tool for quantifying growth.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: OBJECTIVE:Few studies have examined the effect of risk factor modifications on depression incidence. This study was to explore psychosocial risk factors for depression and quantify the effect of risk factor modifications on depression incidence in a large-scale, longitudinal population-based study. METHODS:Data were from the Montreal Longitudinal Catchment Area study (N=2433). Multivariate modified Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR). Population attributable fractions were also used to estimate the potential impact of risk factor modifications on depression incidence. RESULTS:The cumulative incidence rate of major depressive disorder at the 2-year follow-up was 4.8%, and 6.6% at the 4-year follow-up. Being a younger adult, female, widowed, separated or divorced, Caucasian, poor, occasional drinker, having a family history of mental health problems, having less education and living in areas with higher unemployment rates and higher proportions of visible minorities, more cultural community centres and community organisations, were consistently associated with the increased risk of incident major depressive disorder. Although only 5.1% of the disease incidence was potentially attributable to occasional drinking (vs abstainers) at the 2-year follow-up, the attribution of occasional drinking doubled at the 4-year follow-up. A 10% reduction in the prevalence of occasional drinking in this population could potentially prevent half of incident cases. CONCLUSIONS:Modifiable risk factors, both individual and societal, could be the targets for public depression prevention programmes. These programmes should also be gender-specific, as different risk factors have been identified for men and women. Public health preventions at individual levels could focus on the better management of occasional drinking, as it explained around 5%~10% of incident major depressive disorders. Neighbourhood characteristics could also be the target for public prevention programmes. However, this could be very challenging. A cost-effectiveness analysis of a variety of prevention efforts is warranted.

背景与目标：

BACKGROUND & AIMS: :Telbivudine (LdT) is an orally L-nucleoside with potent and specific antihepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. The higher rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion of LdT treatment than other anti-HBV agents suggests a potential immunomodulatory effect. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of regulatory T cell (Treg)/interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+T helper (Th17) balance during LdT treatment and to discuss the relationship of Treg/Th17 balance with HBeAg change in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving LdT antiviral treatment. Twenty-seven HBeAg-positive CHB patients received LdT for 24 weeks and the percentages of Tregs and cells (Th17 cells) in peripheral blood as well as the serum TGF-β1 and IL-17 levels in these patients were longitudinally analyzed. We found that the frequencies of Tregs and Th17 cells in peripheral blood as well as the serum TGF-β1 and IL-17 levels increased significantly in CHB patients compared with healthy controls. During the LdT treatment, the Tregs frequency and TGF-β1 level tended to decrease, and Th17 cells frequency and IL-17 level showed a reverse "V"-type change. The frequency of Tregs and the ratio of Treg/Th17 were significantly lower in the HBeAg loss group than those in the HBeAg no-loss group at the baseline. More important, the Tregs frequency and TGF-β1 level were both positively correlated with HBeAg level during the LdT treatment for 24 weeks. Our data suggest that the lower Tregs frequency and Treg/Th17 ratio at the baseline of LdT treatment, the more likely to get the HBeAg loss. HBeAg negative can be predicted using changes in Tregs frequency and TGF-β1 level during LdT treatment in CHB patients. Maybe we could provide the immunology marker for exploring the mechanism of the higher HBeAg seroconversion rate of LdT therapy.

背景与目标： : 替比夫定 (LdT) 是一种口服L-核苷，具有有效和特异性的抗乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 活性。与其他抗HBV药物相比，LdT治疗的乙型肝炎e抗原 (HBeAg) 血清转换率较高，表明潜在的免疫调节作用。本研究的目的是研究LdT治疗过程中调节性T细胞 (Treg)/白细胞介素 (IL)-17产生的CD4 T辅助细胞 (Th17) 平衡的变化，并探讨Treg/Th17平衡与HBeAg变化的关系HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎 (CHB) 接受LdT抗病毒治疗的患者。27例HBeAg阳性CHB患者接受LdT治疗24周，并对外周血中Tregs和细胞 (Th17细胞) 的百分比以及这些患者的血清TGF-β1和IL-17水平进行纵向分析。我们发现，与健康对照组相比，CHB患者外周血中Tregs和Th17细胞的频率以及血清TGF-β1和IL-17水平显着增加。在LdT处理期间，Tregs频率和TGF-β1水平趋于降低，Th17细胞频率和IL-17水平呈反向 “V” 型变化。基线时，HBeAg丢失组的Treg频率和Treg/Th17比率明显低于HBeAg无丢失组。更重要的是，在LdT治疗24周期间，Tregs频率和TGF-β1水平均与HBeAg水平呈正相关。我们的数据表明，LdT治疗基线时Treg频率和Treg/Th17比率越低，HBeAg损失的可能性越大。HBeAg阴性可以通过在LdT治疗CHB患者中使用Tregs频率和TGF-β1水平的变化来预测。也许我们可以为探索LdT治疗中较高的HBeAg血清转换率的机制提供免疫学标记。