Understanding the regulation of human food intake in response to an acute exercise session is of importance for interventions with athletes and soldiers, as well as overweight individuals. However, the influence of hot and cold environments on this crucial function for the regulation of body mass and motor performance has not been summarized. The purpose of this review was to exhaustively search the literature on the effect of ambient temperature during an exercise session on the subsequent subjective feeling of appetite, energy intake (EI) and its regulation. In the absence of stress due to environmental temperature, exercise-induced energy expenditure is not compensated by EI during an ad libitum meal following the session, probably due to decreased acylated ghrelin and increased peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. No systematic analysis has been yet made for major alterations of relative EI in cold and hot environments. However, observed eating behaviors are altered (proportion of solid/liquid food, carbohydrate/fat) and physiological regulation appears also to be altered. Anorexigenic signals, particularly PYY, appear to further increase in hot environments than in those that are thermoneutral. Ghrelin and leptin may be involved in the observed increase in EI after exercise in the cold, in parallel with increased energy expenditure. The potential influence of ambient thermal environment on eating behaviors after an exercise session should not be neglected.

译文

:了解对急性运动做出反应的人的食物摄入量的调节对于运动员和士兵以及超重个体的干预非常重要。然而,尚未总结热和冷环境对调节体重和运动性能的这一关键功能的影响。这篇综述的目的是详尽搜索关于锻炼期间环境温度对随后的主观食欲,能量摄入(EI)及其调节的影响的文献。在没有因环境温度引起的压力的情况下,运动后随意进餐期间EI不能补偿运动引起的能量消耗,这可能是由于酰化的生长素释放肽减少和酪氨酸酪氨酸(PYY),胰高血糖素样肽1( GLP-1)和胰腺多肽(PP)的水平。尚未针对冷热环境中相对EI的重大变化进行系统分析。但是,观察到的饮食行为发生了变化(固体/液体食物,碳水化合物/脂肪的比例),并且生理调节似乎也发生了变化。与热中性信号相比,热环境中的厌食信号,尤其是PYY,似乎进一步增加。生长激素释放肽和瘦素可能参与了寒冷运动后EI的增加,同时增加了能量消耗。运动后饮食环境对饮食行为的潜在影响不容忽视。

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