Medicine and healing have been critical elements of nation-building and governance in India. There is a clear hierarchy: biomedicine, followed by systems like Ayurveda which are to be 'mainstreamed,' and local health traditions, which are to be 'revitalised'. Mindful that power nonetheless resides in positions of marginality, this analysis drew from a health system ethnography on revitalisation of local health traditions in three southern Indian states. Data from multiple interviews with 51 healers, observations of meetings, healing sessions and events convened by healers, as well as a multi-stakeholder dialogue on local health traditions convened by authors were analysed using a grounded analytical process. The state was a source of power, but in an enmeshed, individualised form. Other sources of power included accomplished others who viewed healers and their practices with respect, healers' collectives that produced and reinforced power through the exercise of certain rituals, and the sacred calling to heal, which assumed stringent criteria for practice and training, while also creating a moral imperative for service orientation. Our study shows how power rests in or is derived from multiple sites and sources that inhere and interact in critical ways with the state and other systems of medicine.

译文

:医学和康复一直是印度国家建设和治理的关键要素。有一个清晰的等级体系:生物医学,其次是像“阿育吠陀”这样的系统要被“主流化”,以及地方健康传统应该被“振兴”。考虑到权力仍然处于边缘地位,因此本次分析取材自卫生系统民族志,以振兴印度南部三个州的地方卫生传统。使用扎实的分析过程分析了来自对51位治疗者的多次访谈,对治疗者召集的会议观察,康复会议和事件的数据,以及由作者召集的关于当地健康传统的多方利益相关者对话的数据。国家是权力的源泉,但却是一种相互融合的,个性化的形式。其他权力的来源包括成就卓著的人,他们尊重治疗者及其做法;通过行使某些仪式产生和增强权力的治疗者集体;以及神圣的呼吁治愈,这要求严格的实践和培训标准,同时还创造了服务导向的道德要求。我们的研究表明,权力是如何在多种场所和来源中驻留或源自这些场所和来源的,这些场所和来源以至关重要的方式与国家和其他医学系统互动并相互作用。

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