BACKGROUND & AIMS:
:Where legal systems allow therapeutic abortion to preserve women's mental health, practitioners often lack access to mental health professionals for making critical diagnoses or prognoses that pregnancy or childcare endangers patients' mental health. Practitioners themselves must then make clinical assessments of the impact on their patients of continued pregnancy or childcare. The law requires only that practitioners make assessments in good faith, and by credible criteria. Mental disorder includes psychological distress or mental suffering due to unwanted pregnancy and responsibility for childcare, or, for instance, anticipated serious fetal impairment. Account should be taken of factors that make patients vulnerable to distress, such as personal or family mental health history, factors that may precipitate mental distress, such as loss of personal relationships, and factors that may maintain distress, such as poor education and marginal social status. Some characteristics of patients may operate as both precipitating and maintaining factors, such as poverty and lack of social support.
背景与目标:
:在法律制度允许治疗性流产以维护妇女的心理健康的地方,从业人员通常缺乏与心理健康专业人士联系的机会,他们无法做出重要的诊断或预后,认为怀孕或托儿会危及患者的心理健康。然后,从业者本身必须对持续怀孕或育儿对患者的影响进行临床评估。法律仅要求从业人员真诚地并以可靠的标准进行评估。精神疾病包括因意外怀孕而导致的心理困扰或精神痛苦,以及对儿童保育的责任,或者例如预期的严重胎儿损害。应考虑到使患者容易遭受困扰的因素,例如个人或家庭的心理健康史,可能加剧精神困扰的因素,例如人际关系的丧失,以及可能保持困扰的因素,例如教育程度低和社会边缘化地位。患者的某些特征可能既是诱发因素,又是维持因素,例如贫穷和缺乏社会支持。