Adverse effects of five typical environmental estrogens, namely estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 4-n-octylphenol (4-n-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) on adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus) were investigated both individually and in binary mixtures, using serum vitellogenin (VTG) induction and gonadosomatic index (GSI) as the endpoints. Doses of individual and binary mixtures of estrogens were chosen at broad ranges. Five individual estrogens induced common dose-dependent increases of serum VTG in the experimental fish when injection doses of the estrogen series were comparatively low. The levels of VTG induction in fish descended after peaked at a certain dose of the individual estrogen. Significant GSI decreases were observed in fish treated by all dose series of E1 and E2, and comparatively high doses of 4-n-OP, 4-n-NP and BPA when compared with that of solvent control (SC). Effects of binary mixtures of the five typical estrogens on VTG induction in male goldfish were in additive manner at low-effect doses, but divergences occurred at high dose levels, with the predicted effects by additive manner exceeding those were observed. All of GSI of fish treated by the binary mixtures were about or lower than 10(-3)%. Serious atrophy of gonads was observed in all the mixture treatment groups when compared with that of SC. These findings highlight the potential reproductive risk of fish resulted from existing mixtures of hormones in the aquatic environment, and they have important implications for environmental estrogen hazard assessment.

译文

:五种典型环境雌激素的不良反应,即雌酮(E1),17β-雌二醇(E2),4-正辛基苯酚(4-n-OP),4-正壬基苯酚(4-n-NP)和双酚A使用血清卵黄蛋白原(VTG)诱导和促性腺激素指数(GSI)分别研究了成年雄性金鱼(Carassius auratus)的BPA(BPA)。在较宽的范围内选择了单个和二元雌激素混合物的剂量。当雌激素系列的注射剂量相对较低时,五种单独的雌激素在实验鱼中引起血清VTG的常见剂量依赖性增加。在一定剂量的单个雌激素达到峰值后,鱼体内的VTG诱导水平下降。在所有剂量系列的E1和E2处理的鱼中观察到GSI显着下降,与溶剂对照组(SC)相比,使用较高剂量的4-n-OP,4-n-NP和BPA。五种典型雌激素的二元混合物对雄性金鱼VTG诱导的影响在低效剂量下呈累加性,但在高剂量水平上却出现了差异,通过累加方式预测的效果超过了观察到的效果。用二元混合物处理的鱼的所有GSI均约为或低于10(-3)%。与SC相比,在所有混合处理组中均观察到性腺严重萎缩。这些发现凸显了水生环境中现有激素混合物导致鱼类潜在的生殖风险,它们对环境雌激素危害评估具有重要意义。

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