Five estrogenic hormones (unconjugated + conjugated fractions) and 10 beta blockers were analyzed in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and receiving river waters in the area of Lyon, France. In the different samples, only two estrogens were quantified: estrone and estriol. Some beta blockers, such as atenolol, acebutolol, and sotalol, were almost always quantified, but others, e.g., betaxolol, nadolol, and oxprenolol were rarely quantified. Concentrations measured in river waters were in the nanogram per liter range for estrogens and between 0.3 and 210 ng/L for beta blockers depending on the substance and the distance from the WWTP outfall. The impact of the WWTP on the receiving rivers was studied and showed a clear increase in concentrations near the WWTP outfall. For estrogens, the persistence in surface waters was not evaluated given the low concentrations levels (around 1 ng/L). For beta blockers, concentrations measured downstream of the WWTP outfall were up to 16 times higher than those measured upstream. Also, the persistence of metoprolol, nadolol, and propranolol was noted even 2 km downstream of the WWTP outfall. The comparison of beta blocker fingerprints in the samples collected in effluent and in the river also showed the impact of WWTP outfall on surface waters. Finally, a tentative environmental risk evaluation was performed on 15 sites by calculating the ratio of receiving water concentrations to predicted non-effect concentrations (PNEC). For estrogens, a total PNEC of 5 ng/L was considered and these substances were not linked to any potential environmental risk (only one site showed an environmental risk ratio above 1). Unfortunately, few PNECs are available and risk evaluation was only possible for 4 of the 10 beta blockers studied: acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol. Only propranolol presented a ratio near or above 1, showing a possible environmental risk for 4 receiving waters out of 15.

译文

:在法国里昂地区的三个废水处理厂(WWTP)废水和接受河水中分析了五种雌激素(未结合的结合部分)和10种β受体阻滞剂。在不同的样品中,仅对两种雌激素进行了定量:雌酮和雌三醇。一些β受体阻滞剂,例如阿替洛尔,醋丁洛尔和索他洛尔,几乎总是被定量,而其他β-受体阻滞剂,例如倍他洛尔,那多洛尔和奥普萘洛尔则很少被定量。雌激素在河水中的浓度在每升纳克范围内,β受体阻滞剂的浓度在0.3纳克/升至210 ng / L之间,这取决于该物质和与污水处理厂排污口的距离。研究了污水处理厂对接收河流的影响,结果表明污水处理厂排污口附近的浓度明显增加。对于雌激素,鉴于低浓度水平(约1 ng / L),未评估其在地表水中的持久性。对于β受体阻滞剂,在WWTP排放口下游测得的浓度比上游测得的浓度高16倍。此外,甚至在污水处理厂排污口下游2公里处也发现了美托洛尔,纳多洛尔和普萘洛尔的持续存在。对废水和河流中收集的样品中的β受体阻滞剂指纹进行比较,还显示了污水处理厂排污口对地表水的影响。最后,通过计算接收水浓度与预测的非影响浓度(PNEC)之比,对15个地点进行了初步的环境风险评估。对于雌激素,考虑的总PNEC为5 ng / L,并且这些物质与任何潜在的环境风险均无关(只有一个站点的环境风险比率高于1)。不幸的是,几乎没有可用的PNEC,并且只能对研究的10种β受体阻滞剂中的4种进行风险评估:醋丁洛尔,阿替洛尔,美托洛尔和普萘洛尔。只有普萘洛尔的比率接近或高于1,表明15人中有4人接受水可能存在环境风险。

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