BACKGROUND:Many factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). The current study was conducted to determine the possible role of antioxidant status and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in URSA. METHODS:Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and TNF-alpha were assayed in women suffering unexplained first-trimester abortions. Two groups were included, the first represented by 24 women with URSA (number of abortions 3-5) and the second included 16 women with URSA (number of abortions >5). The control group included 20 women within their first trimester of pregnancy and 20 non-pregnant healthy females within their follicular phase. RESULTS:We observed that the antioxidant levels measured were significantly lower in URSA groups than in the control group (p<0.05 for each comparison). Higher TNF-alpha, MDA and NO production were detected in URSA groups compared to controls (p<0.05 for each comparison). URSA 3-5 was associated with significantly higher levels of antioxidants and lower levels of TNF-alpha compared to levels in URSA >5. CONCLUSIONS:Impaired antioxidant defense and an increase in oxidative reactive species may be responsible for recurrent abortion due to possible damage produced by their generation. In addition, the level of TNF-alpha apparently contributes to the pathogenesis of URSA.

译文

背景:许多因素与无法解释的反复自然流产(URSA)的发病机制有关。进行当前的研究以确定抗氧化剂状态和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在URSA中的可能作用。
方法:还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH-R),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX),过氧化氢酶(CAT),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),一氧化氮(NO),丙二醛(MDA)和TNF-α在无法解释的早孕流产妇女中进行了检测。包括两组,第一组由24名URSA妇女(流产次数3-5)代表,第二组包括16名URSA妇女(流产次数> 5)。对照组包括20个在怀孕前三个月的妇女和20个在卵泡期未怀孕的健康女性。
结果:我们观察到,URSA组中测得的抗氧化剂水平明显低于对照组(每次比较,p <0.05)。与对照相比,URSA组中检测到更高的TNF-α,MDA和NO产生(每次比较,p <0.05)。与URSA> 5相比,URSA 3-5与抗氧化剂水平高和TNF-α水平低有关。
结论:抗氧化剂的防御能力下降和氧化反应性物质的增加可能是造成流产的原因,因为它们的产生可能会造成损害。此外,TNF-α的水平显然与URSA的发病机理有关。

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