In epidural anaesthesia, the anaesthetist injects one or more drugs into the epidural space bordering on the spinal dura mater to achieve a "central" and/or "neuraxial" block. It is one of the earliest techniques in anaesthesia, originally performed exclusively with local anaesthetic agents. Adding other drugs and combining epidural with general anaesthesia or adapting the technique to the needs of children has extended the list of indications. Continuous epidural analgesia is an important tool in postoperative pain management. More and more often, the increasing proportion of patients who have comorbidities or are permanently taking medication that modulates the clotting system demands that the anaesthesiologist balance the individual risks and benefits before inducing epidural anaesthesia.

译文

:在硬膜外麻醉中,麻醉师将一种或多种药物注入硬脊膜硬膜外腔,以达到“中央”和/或“神经轴”阻滞。它是麻醉中最早的技术之一,最初仅由局部麻醉剂执行。添加其他药物以及将硬膜外麻醉与全身麻醉相结合或使该技术适应儿童的需求已扩大了适应症的范围。连续硬膜外镇痛是术后疼痛管理的重要工具。合并症或永久性服用可调节凝血系统的药物的患者越来越多,这要求麻醉师在进行硬膜外麻醉之前平衡个体风险和获益。

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