BACKGROUND:Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is recognized as the principal cause of skin cancer. Moreover, sunbeds have been classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Despite this, there is a shortage of objective data on UV exposure levels in sunbeds in England. OBJECTIVES:We set out to measure UV emission levels in sunbeds at sites around England, and to compare these levels with both current standards and natural sunlight. METHODS:Between October 2010 and February 2011, UV spectra were measured on site from a total of 402 artificial tanning units in England. Measurement instrumentation was calibrated, traceable to the National Physical Laboratory. Compliance with the relevant British and European standard was determined, and a skin-cancer weighting factor was used to compare the carcinogenic potential of sunbeds with that of sunlight. RESULTS:For compliance with the European standard, erythemal-effective irradiance should not exceed 0·3 W m(-2). The values that we measured ranged between 0·10 and 1·32 W m(-2) with a mean of 0·56 ± 0·21 W m(-2) . Only 10% of sunbeds surveyed were within the recommended limit. Application of the skin-cancer weighting factor produced values that varied from 0·17 to 2·52 W m(-2) with a mean of 0·99 ± 0·41 W m(-2). The comparable value for Mediterranean noon day sun was 0·43 W m . CONCLUSIONS:Nine out of 10 sunbeds surveyed throughout England emitted levels of UV radiation that exceed the maximum levels contained within the European standard. Moreover, the skin cancer risk for comparable times of exposure was up to six times higher than that for Mediterranean sunlight. This situation is unacceptable and stricter control measures must be put in place.

译文

背景:暴露于阳光下的紫外线(UV)被认为是皮肤癌的主要原因。此外,日光浴床被国际癌症研究机构归类为致癌物质。尽管如此,英格兰缺乏关于日光浴床紫外线暴露水平的客观数据。
目的:我们着手测量英格兰周围地区日光浴床的紫外线辐射水平,并将这些水平与当前标准和自然阳光进行比较。
方法:2010年10月至2011年2月,在英格兰现场测量了总共402个人工晒黑装置的紫外线光谱。测量仪器经过校准,可追溯到国家物理实验室。确定是否符合相关的英国和欧洲标准,并使用皮肤癌加权因子比较日光浴床和日光浴的致癌潜力。
结果:为了符合欧洲标准,红斑有效辐照度不应超过0·3 W m(-2)。我们测量的值在0·10和1·32 W m(-2)之间,平均值为0·56±0·21 W m(-2)。被调查的日光浴浴床中只有10%在建议的限制范围内。皮肤癌加权因子的应用产生的值从0·17到2·52 W m(-2)不等,平均值为0·99±0·41 W m(-2)。地中海正午太阳的可比值是0·43 W m。
结论:在整个英格兰进行调查的10个日光浴床中,有9个日光浴床的紫外线辐射水平超过了欧洲标准所规定的最大水平。此外,可比暴露时间的皮肤癌风险比地中海阳光高六倍。这种情况是不可接受的,必须采取更严格的控制措施。

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