Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in most Eastern and Southern African countries, but its etiology has been understudied to date. To inform its research agenda, we undertook a review to identify, of the ESCC risk factors which have been established or strongly suggested worldwide, those with a high prevalence or high exposure levels in any ESCC-affected African setting and the sources thereof. We found that for almost all ESCC risk factors known to date, including tobacco, alcohol, hot beverage consumption, nitrosamines and both inhaled and ingested PAHs, there is evidence of population groups with raised exposures, the sources of which vary greatly between cultures across the ESCC corridor. Research encompassing these risk factors is warranted and is likely to identify primary prevention strategies.

译文

食管鳞状细胞癌 (ESCC) 是大多数东部和南部非洲国家最常见的癌症之一,但其病因迄今尚未得到充分研究。为了告知其研究议程,我们进行了审查,以确定在世界范围内已经建立或强烈建议的ESCC风险因素,在任何受ESCC影响的非洲环境中具有高流行率或高暴露水平的因素及其来源。我们发现,对于迄今为止已知的几乎所有ESCC危险因素,包括烟草,酒精,热饮料消费,亚硝胺以及吸入和摄入的PAHs,都有证据表明人群暴露量增加,其来源在不同文化之间差异很大ESCC走廊。包含这些风险因素的研究是必要的,并且有可能确定一级预防策略。

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