The factors that drive amygdalar responses to emotionally significant stimuli are still a matter of debate - particularly the proneness of the amygdala to respond to negatively-valenced stimuli has been discussed controversially. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the amygdala responds in a modality-general fashion or whether modality-specific idiosyncrasies exist. Therefore, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study systematically investigated amygdalar responding to stimulus valence and arousal of emotional expressions across visual and auditory modalities. During scanning, participants performed a gender judgment task while prosodic and facial emotional expressions were presented. The stimuli varied in stimulus valence and arousal by including neutral, happy and angry expressions of high and low emotional intensity. Results demonstrate amygdalar activation as a function of stimulus arousal and accordingly associated emotional intensity regardless of stimulus valence. Furthermore, arousal-driven amygdalar responding did not depend on the visual and auditory modalities of emotional expressions. Thus, the current results are consistent with the notion that the amygdala codes general stimulus relevance across visual and auditory modalities irrespective of valence. In addition, whole brain analyses revealed that effects in visual and auditory areas were driven mainly by high intense emotional facial and vocal stimuli, respectively, suggesting modality-specific representations of emotional expressions in auditory and visual cortices.

译文

:推动杏仁核对情绪上重要的刺激做出反应的因素仍是一个争论的问题,尤其是杏仁核对负价刺激做出反应的倾向性已经引起了争议。此外,不确定杏仁核是否以模态通用的方式响应或是否存在模态特定的特质。因此,本功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究系统地研究了杏仁核对视觉和听觉方式上的刺激价和情绪表达的唤醒反应。在扫描过程中,参与者执行了性别判断任务,同时呈现了韵律和面部表情。刺激通过包含高低情绪强度的中性,快乐和愤怒表达而在刺激价和唤醒中发生变化。结果表明杏仁核激活与刺激觉醒有关,因此与情绪强度无关,而与刺激价无关。此外,唤醒驱动的杏仁核反应并不取决于情感表达的视觉和听觉方式。因此,当前结果与以下观点一致:杏仁核编码视觉和听觉形式上的总体刺激相关性,而与化合价无关。此外,全脑分析表明,视觉和听觉区域的影响分别主要由高强度的情绪面部和声音刺激所驱动,这暗示了听觉和视觉皮层中情绪表达的特定形式表征。

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