Diagnostic accuracy for radiologists is above that expected by chance when they are exposed to a chest radiograph for only one-fifth of a second, a period too brief for more than a single voluntary eye movement. How do radiologists glean information from a first glance at an image? It is thought that this expert impression of the gestalt of an image is related to the everyday, immediate visual understanding of the gist of a scene. Several high-speed mechanisms guide our search of complex images. Guidance by basic features (such as color) requires no learning, whereas guidance by complex scene properties is learned. It is probable that both hardwired guidance by basic features and learned guidance by scene structure become part of radiologists' expertise. Search in scenes may be best explained by a two-pathway model: Object recognition is performed via a selective pathway in which candidate targets must be individually selected for recognition. A second, nonselective pathway extracts information from global or statistical information without selecting specific objects. An appreciation of the role of nonselective processing may be particularly useful for understanding what separates novice from expert radiologists and could help establish new methods of physician training based on medical image perception.

译文

:放射科医生的诊断准确性高于他们在接受胸部X射线照片仅五分之一秒的机会时所期望的准确性,这个时期太短,无法进行多次自愿的眼球运动。放射科医生如何从乍一看就可以收集信息?可以认为,对图像的格式像的这种专家印象与场景要点的日常,直观的视觉理解有关。几种高速机制可指导我们搜索复杂的图像。基本功能(例如颜色)的指导不需要学习,而复杂场景属性的指导则是学习的。基本功能的硬线指导和场景结构的习得性指导都可能成为放射科医生专业知识的一部分。场景搜索最好用两种途径来解释:对象识别是通过选择性途径进行的,在该途径中必须单独选择候选目标进行识别。第二种非选择性途径可从全局或统计信息中提取信息,而无需选择特定对象。理解非选择性处理的作用对于了解什么将新手与放射线专家区分开来尤其有用,并且可以帮助建立基于医学图像感知的医师培训新方法。

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